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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">968</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic968</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of one- and two-stage urethroplasty in the treatment of proximal hypospadias in children: flap or transplant?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ применения одноэтапной и двухэтапной уретропластики при лечении детей с проксимальными формами гипоспадии. Лоскут или трансплантат?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-8321</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3964-1815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суров</surname><given-names>Роман Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), pediatric urologist-andrologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., детский уролог-андролог</p></bio><email>rimvs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-1615</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7936-8722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagantsov</surname><given-names>Ilya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каганцов</surname><given-names>Илья Маркович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>ilkagan@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-0222</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1228-5484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmyrov</surname><given-names>Oleg S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмыров</surname><given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Pediatric Urology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий отделением детской урологии</p></bio><email>moroz-uro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-8671</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2155-5534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizonov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизонов</surname><given-names>Владимир Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Urology and Reproductive Health with a course of pediatric urology-andrology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья с курсом детской урологии-андрологии</p></bio><email>vsizonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4178-4668</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4292-3149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pediatric urologist-andrologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач - детский уролог-андролог</p></bio><email>doc.uro@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-0537</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7964-7037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadykyan</surname><given-names>Robert S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Задыкян</surname><given-names>Роберт Суренович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>surgeon</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-хирург</p></bio><email>robs90@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-2442</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7887-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulaev</surname><given-names>Artur V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулаев</surname><given-names>Артур Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pediatric urologist-andrologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>детский уролог – андролог</p></bio><email>arturkulaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-7328</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9632-8895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazishvili</surname><given-names>Marina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазишвили</surname><given-names>Марина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), pediatric urologist-andrologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, детский уролог-андролог</p></bio><email>pedurology@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-9940</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1213-3425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Velskaya</surname><given-names>Juliana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вельская</surname><given-names>Юлиана Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), plastic surgeon</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, пластический хирург</p></bio><email>velskayadoc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Morozovskaya City Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Protection of Motherhood and Childhood</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр охраны материнства и детства города Сочи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>437</fpage><lpage>444</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-01"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Surov R.V., Kagantsov I.M., Shmyrov O.S., Sizonov V.V., Volkova A.A., Zadykyan R.S., Kulaev A.V., Lazishvili M.N., Velskaya J.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Суров Р.В., Каганцов И.М., Шмыров О.С., Сизонов В.В., Волкова А.А., Задыкян Р.С., Кулаев А.В., Лазишвили М.Н., Вельская Ю.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Surov R.V., Kagantsov I.M., Shmyrov O.S., Sizonov V.V., Volkova A.A., Zadykyan R.S., Kulaev A.V., Lazishvili M.N., Velskaya J.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суров Р.В., Каганцов И.М., Шмыров О.С., Сизонов В.В., Волкова А.А., Задыкян Р.С., Кулаев А.В., Лазишвили М.Н., Вельская Ю.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/968">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/968</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Surgical treatment of proximal forms of hypospadias in children is still a complex and largely unsolved problem. The large number of postoperative complications following reconstructive surgery for proximal forms of hypospadias supports scientific interest in this issue.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>This study aimed to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of the effectiveness of two types of urethroplasty. We compared fundamentally different approaches to the formation of the artificial urethra, surgical techniques that use a different type of movement, and blood supply of the plastic materials — a flap and a graft.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic> </bold>The study included 113 primary patients with proximal hypospadias aged 8 months to 15 years who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2019 and were divided into two comparison groups. Group 1 included 53 (46.9%) boys; a single-stage urethroplasty was performed by the onlay-tube method, where a longitudinal skin flap of the dorsal surface of the penis was used as a plastic material. Group 2 included 60 (53.1%) patients; two-stage urethroplasty was performed by the Bracka method, where the plastic material for the formation of the artificial urethra was a preputial graft in 44 (73.3%) patients and a graft of the oral mucosa in 16 (26.7%) patients.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS: </italic></bold>When comparing the surgical results in the form of the number of complications requiring repeated surgical interventions under anesthesia to eliminate them, corresponding to Clavien–Dindo 3B complications, a significant difference was obtained in the study groups. The surgical results were significantly better when performing the two-stage Bracka method.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic> </bold>In the surgical treatment of proximal forms of hypospadias in children, the two-stage Bracka method, where the plastic material for the formation of the artificial urethra is a preputial or mucosal graft, significantly reduced the number of postoperative complications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность.</italic></bold> Хирургическое лечение детей с проксимальными формами гипоспадии все еще остается сложной и во многом нерешенной проблемой. Большое количество послеоперационных осложнений, получаемых после проведения реконструктивных операций по поводу проксимальных форм гипоспадии, поддерживает научный интерес к этому вопросу.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель </italic></bold>— ретроспективный сравнительный анализ эффективности двух типов уретропластики. Проведено сравнение принципиьно разных подходов к формированию артифициальной уретры, а именно хирургических методик, в которых используется различный по виду перемещения и кровоснабжения пластический материал — лоскут и трансплантат.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> </bold>В исследование включены 113 первичных пациентов с проксимальной формой гипоспадии в возрасте от 8 мес. до 15 лет, прооперированных в период с 2013 по 2019 г. При этом выделено две группы сравнения. В первой группе 53 (46,9 %) мальчикам была выполнена одноэтапная уретропластика методом onlay-tube, где в качестве пластического материала был использован продольный кожный лоскут дорсальной поверхности полового члена. Во второй группе 60 (53,1 %) пациентам была проведена двухэтапная уретропластика методом Bracka, где пластическим материалом для формирования артифициальной уретры служил препуциальный трансплантат — в 44 (73,3 %) случаях и трансплантат слизистой ротовой полости — в 16 (26,7%).</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> При сравнении хирургических результатов в виде количества осложнений, требующих повторного хирургического вмешательства под наркозом для их устранения, соответствующих степени 3В по международной классификации осложнений Clavien – Dindo, получена достоверная статистическая разница в исследуемых группах. При использовании двухэтапной операции Bracka хирургические результаты были достоверно лучше.</p> <p><bold><italic>Выводы.</italic></bold> При хирургическом лечении детей с проксимальными формами гипоспадии, применение двухэтапной операции Bracka, где пластическим материалом для формирования артифициальной уретры является препуциальный или слизистый трансплантат, достоверно уменьшает количество послеоперационных осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>proximal hypospadias</kwd><kwd>flap</kwd><kwd>graft</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>проксимальная гипоспадия</kwd><kwd>лоскут</kwd><kwd>трансплантат</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadidi AT. History of hypospadias: Lost in translation. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(2):211–217. 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