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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">960</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic960</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Strategy for the prevention of bacterial complications with inhaled nitrogen oxide in newborns</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стратегия профилактики бактериальных осложнений ингаляционным оксидом азота у новорожденных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-2194</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3120-7069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pukhtinskaya</surname><given-names>Marina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пухтинская</surname><given-names>Марина Гаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p></bio><email>puhmar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-8333</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8136-4128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Estrin</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эстрин</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>medinsur@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства и педиатрии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-07-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-13"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Pukhtinskaya M.G., Estrin V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Пухтинская М.Г., Эстрин В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pukhtinskaya M.G., Estrin V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пухтинская М.Г., Эстрин В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/960">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/960</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic> The nitrogen oxide molecule (NO) is a one of the most important factors in the anti-infectious resistance of the body’s immune system.</p> <p><italic>AIM:</italic> This study aims to improve the effectiveness of preventing bacterial complications by including nitric oxide inhalations as part of traditional intensive care.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic> Ninety-seven full-term newborns without signs of bacterial complications were included in a controlled, randomized, blind clinical trial. The main group (<italic>n</italic> = 44) received inhaled nitrogen oxide (iNO). The control group (<italic>n</italic> = 53) did not receive iNO. On days 1, 5, and 20 the plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, G-CSF, sFas, FGF, and NO were determined by capture ELISA; CD3<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>–</sup>, CD3<sup>–</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD69<sup>+</sup>, CD71<sup>+</sup>, CD95<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>, CD14<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>–</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>, Annexin-V<sup>+</sup>/FITC; PI<sup>+</sup>/PE — immunophenotype analysis.</p> <p><italic>RESULTS:</italic> In the main group, sepsis developed in 4 patients and 13 controls (<italic>p</italic><sub>1</sub> = 0.04; <italic>p</italic><sub>2 </sub>= 0.005). Fatalities occurred in 6 patients, and 10 controls (<italic>p</italic><sub>1</sub> = 0.37; <italic>p</italic><sub>2 </sub>= 0.59) in the main group. The median duration of the IVL in the main group was 5 days, and 10 days for controls (<italic>p</italic> = 0.00007). Stays in ORIT were main — 11 days for patients in the main group, and 15 days for controls (<italic>p</italic> = 0.026). On day 3, when compared with controls, patients in the main group had significantly reduced (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-6, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+,</sup> CD3<sup>+</sup>CD95<sup>+</sup>, lymphocytes in apoptosis, increasing (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) G-CSF, sFas, FGF, NO; CD14<sup>+</sup>, CD3 <sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>–</sup>.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic> iNO used as a part of intensive care decreases the frequency of sepsis development, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and hospitalization. iNO also tends to decrease the lethal outcome frequency, reduces cytokine aggression, inhibits lymphocyte apoptosis, activates the monocyte-macrophage immunity and proliferative processes. It is appropriate to continue research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Молекула оксида азота представляет собой один из важнейших факторов противоинфекционной резистентности иммунной системы организма.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Повышение эффективности профилактики бактериальных осложнений путем применения ингаляций оксида азота в составе традиционной интенсивной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В контролируемое рандомизированное слепое клиническое исследование включено 97 новорожденных. Помимо традиционной терапии пациенты основной группы получали ингаляционный оксид азота (iNO). Пациенты контрольной группы iNO не получали. На 1, 3, 20-е сутки (в исходе) у пациентов определяли плазменную концентрацию IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-á, G-CSF, sFas, FGF, NO (ИФА = ELISA); иммунофенотипирование: CD3<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>–</sup>, CD3<sup>–</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD69<sup>+</sup>, CD71<sup>+</sup>, CD95<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>, CD14<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>–</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>, Аннексин-V<sup>+</sup>/FITC; PI<sup>+</sup>/PE.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Развитие сепсиса зафиксировано: в основной группе — 4 пациента, в контрольной — 13 (<italic>р</italic><sub>1</sub> = 0,04; <italic>р</italic><sub>2</sub> = 0,005). Летальные исходы: в основной группе — 6 пациентов, в контрольной — 10 (<italic>р</italic><sub>1</sub> = 0,37; <italic>р</italic><sub>2</sub> = 0,59). Медиана длительности искусственной вентиляции легких: основная группа — 5 сут, контрольная — 10 (<italic>р</italic> = 0.00007). Пребывание в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии: основная группа — 11 сут, контрольная — 15 (<italic>р</italic> = 0,026). На третьи сутки у пациентов основной группы относительно контрольной: снижение (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,05) TNF-á, IL-8 и IL-6, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD95<sup>+</sup>, лимфоцитов в апоптозе; повышение (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,05) G-CSF, sFas, FGF, NO; CD14<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>–</sup>.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> iNO в составе интенсивной терапии снижает частоту развития сепсиса, длительность искусственной вентиляции легких, госпитализации в реанимации, обеспечивает тенденцию снижения частоты летальных исходов; снижает цитокиновую агрессию, ингибирует апоптоз лимфоцитов, активирует моноцитарно-макрофагальное звено иммунитета и пролиферативные процессы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inhaled nitrogen oxide</kwd><kwd>newborn</kwd><kwd>bacterial complications</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингаляционный оксид азота</kwd><kwd>новорожденный</kwd><kwd>бактериальные осложнения</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW. 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