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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">564</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic564</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of general anesthesia for tonsillotomy and adenotomy to cognitive functions in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние общей анестезии при аденотомии и тонзиллотомии на когнитивные функции у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-8257</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4553-0869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotareva</surname><given-names>Lyubov’ S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотарева</surname><given-names>Любовь Святославовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Research Institute of Clinical Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник НИИ клинической хирургии</p></bio><email>l_zolotareva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-4274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paponov</surname><given-names>Oleg N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папонов</surname><given-names>Олег Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>anesthetist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач – анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>Oleg.krutiar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-4869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanenko</surname><given-names>Sergeу M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степаненко</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры детской хирургии</p></bio><email>steven54@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Department of Human Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры патологии человека</p></bio><email>silinaekaterina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adler</surname><given-names>Aleksandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адлер</surname><given-names>Александра Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, anesthetist, N. F. Filatov Children City Clinical Hospital №. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог ДГКБ №13 имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p></bio><email>ale-adler@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Filatov City Children’s Hospital No. 13</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Детская городская клиническая больница № 13 имени Н.Ф. Филатова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-10-17"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Zolotareva L.S., Paponov O.N., Stepanenko S.M., Silina E.V., Adler A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Золотарева Л.С., Папонов О.Н., Степаненко С.М., Силина Е.В., Адлер А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zolotareva L.S., Paponov O.N., Stepanenko S.M., Silina E.V., Adler A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Золотарева Л.С., Папонов О.Н., Степаненко С.М., Силина Е.В., Адлер А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/564">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/564</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Surgery under general anesthesia can affect the patient’s neurocognitive outcome. This problem is of particular relevance in pediatric surgical practice.</p> <p><bold>Goal. </bold>The aim of this study is to determine the spectrum of clinical manifestations and the frequency of cognitive dysfunction symptom development in children after adenotomy and/or tonsillotomy performed under general anesthesia.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> This prospective study included 30 children aged 3– 7 years (average age 4.9 ± 1.3 years) who underwent adenotomy and/or tonsillotomy under general, combined, balanced anesthesia. In the preoperative period and a day after the operation, neuropsychological testing was performed: The Raven test, mechanical and associative memory test, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale adapted for children from 3 years old, and the Bourdon test. A 20% decrease in function compared with the initial level was considered clinically significant.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> One day after surgery, 10% of patients had a clinically significant decrease in attention productivity, 10% had a decrease in attention accuracy, 13.3% had a decrease in attention index, and 16.7% had a decrease in overall productivity and the attention index according to the Bourdon test. Also, 13.3% showed a decrease in attention, 30% had a decrease in memory on the MMSE scale, 20% showed a decrease in mechanical memory, and 10% had a decrease in test results on the Raven test.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Conducting even minor surgical interventions with general anesthesia leads to an impairment of various cognitive functions in 10%–30% of children aged 3 to 7 years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Выполненные в условиях общей анестезии хирургические вмешательства могут отрицательно влиять на нейрокогнитивные функции пациента. Особую актуальность данная проблема имеет в педиатрической хирургической практике.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Определить характер и частоту развития симптомов когнитивной дисфункции у детей после адено- и/или тонзиллотомии, проведенных в условиях общей анестезии.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>В проспективное исследование включены 30 детей в возрасте 3–7 лет (средний возраст 4,9 ± 1,3 года), которым выполняли операции аденотомии и/или тонзиллотомии в условиях общей анестезии. В предоперационном периоде и через сутки после операции проводили нейропсихологическое тестирование: матрицы Равена, тест на механическую и ассоциативную память, адаптированная для детей от 3 лет шкала MMSE и корректурные пробы. Клинически значимым считали уровень депрессии нейрокогнитивных функций относительно дооперационного уровня на 20 % и более.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Через одни сутки после хирургического вмешательства у 10 % пациентов было клинически значимое снижение продуктивности внимания, у 10 % — точности внимания, 13,3 % — устойчивости внимания, у 16,7 % — снижение общего показателя продуктивности и устойчивости внимания по данным корректурных проб. По шкале MMSE регистрировали ухудшение памяти у 30 % детей, внимания — у 13,3 %. У 20 % детей было отмечено снижение механической памяти. У 10 % — снижение результатов тестирования матрицами Равена.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Проведение даже малых хирургических вмешательств в условиях общей анестезии приводит к нарушению различных когнитивных функций у 10–30 % детей в возрасте 3–7 лет.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric surgery</kwd><kwd>pediatric anesthesia</kwd><kwd>anesthetics</kwd><kwd>anesthesia neurotoxicity</kwd><kwd>cognitive outcomes</kwd><kwd>postoperative cognitive dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детская хирургия</kwd><kwd>анестезия у детей</kwd><kwd>анестетики</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность анестетиков</kwd><kwd>когнитивные исходы</kwd><kwd>послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Terrando N, Eriksson LI, Kyu Ryu J, et al. Resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(6):986-995. 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