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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic2038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ONKDWB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Outcomes of treatment of children for esophageal atresia: a single-center retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты лечения детей с атрезией пищевода: одноцентровое ретроспективное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>食管闭锁治疗结果：单中心回顾性研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-5423</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6893-6854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlushin</surname><given-names>Pavel M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлушин</surname><given-names>Павел Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pavlushin</surname><given-names>Pavel M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pavlushinpav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1053-3168</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2634-4239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Александра Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mironova_a_a99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7338-7275</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9818-3830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gramzin</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грамзин</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gramzin</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>dxo-26@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-1316</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4665-2278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drobyazgin</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробязгин</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Drobyazgin</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>evgenyidrob@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-0601</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6650-7710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koinov</surname><given-names>Yuri Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Койнов</surname><given-names>Юрий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Koinov</surname><given-names>Yuri Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>doctor2012@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-9731</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2786-4101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tratonin</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тратонин</surname><given-names>Артём Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tratonin</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>artem7496@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-6741</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7536-5976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganok</surname><given-names>Vladislav N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганок</surname><given-names>Владислав Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tsyganok</surname><given-names>Vladislav N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlad1kksu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1433-4760</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3133-2809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhotina</surname><given-names>Аleksandra А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охотина</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Okhotina</surname><given-names>Аleksandra А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mariam108@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-6860</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6573-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazkov</surname><given-names>Artur A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазков</surname><given-names>Артур Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Glazkov</surname><given-names>Artur A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.glazkov.artur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-8851</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1168-7317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushin</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушин</surname><given-names>Павел Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Trushin</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>tpv1974@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-8894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3127-9804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akselrov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксельров</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Akselrov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>akselerov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-853X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6466-5680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obraztsov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Образцов</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Obraztsov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>obraztsoviv@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-6678</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9782-1047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chikinev</surname><given-names>Yuriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикинев</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chikinev</surname><given-names>Yuriy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>chikinev@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-01"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-12"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2038">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2038</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital malformation often associated with defects of other organs. Advances in neonatal resuscitation have improved survival rates in children with severe comorbidities. However, questions regarding surgical access selection, prevention, and treatment of early and late complications remain unresolved.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To analyze the treatment outcomes of children with EA and isolated tracheoesophageal fistula.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>This retrospective study included 63 children (25 girls, 38 boys) treated in the pediatric surgery department of the Novosibirsk Regional Hospital from March 2020 to December 2025. Anthropometric data, gestational age, Gross classification type, and the presence of associated congenital anomalies were analyzed. Surgical access, intraoperative parameters, and the early postoperative course were examined. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Predictors of major surgical complications were identified.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Associated congenital anomalies were present in 31 (49.2%) children, with heart defects being the most common (19.1%). The majority of EA cases were Gross type C, 55 patients (87.3%). Surgery was performed in 62 (98.4%) children (median age 2 days). Definitive repair was performed in 58 (93.5%) patients: 32 (55.2%) by open surgery, and 26 (44.8%) by thoracoscopy. Staged surgery was performed in 4 (6.5%) children. The only intraoperative complication was tracheal perforation (1.6%). Complications occurred in 48 (77.4%) patients, the most significant being anastomotic leakage in 10 (16.1%) at 4.1 ± 1.52 days; and anastomotic stricture in 30 (48.4%) children. Tracheomalacia was a significant predictor of anastomotic stricture: its presence increased the risk of stricture 4.6-fold (95% CI 1.381–15.320; <italic>p</italic> = 0.013). Overall survival was 90.4% (6 deaths, all due to severe congenital anomalies, except for one unoperated child). The median follow-up was 25 months. Event-free survival was 31.7%, with a median time to event of 0.8 months.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The main cause of mortality in EA is associated with associated congenital anomalies. A differentiated approach to surgical access based on weight, gestational age, and comorbidities yields comparable treatment outcomes. The incidence of postoperative complications remains relatively high; in our study, we noted overdiagnosis of esophageal strictures at early stages. However, tracheomalacia was identified as a significant predictor of anastomotic stricture formation, whereas no significant predictors of anastomotic leakage were found.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Атрезия пищевода — врождённый порок развития, часто сочетающийся с пороками других органов. Благодаря прогрессу неонатальной реанимации увеличилась выживаемость детей с тяжёлой коморбидной патологией. Однако остаются открытыми вопросы выбора доступа, профилактики и лечения ранних и отдалённых осложнений.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Проанализировать результаты лечения детей с атрезией пищевода и изолированным трахеопищеводным свищом.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование вошли 63 ребёнка (25 девочек, 38 мальчиков), находившихся на лечении в детском хирургическом отделении Новосибирской областной больницы в период с марта 2020 г. по декабрь 2025 г. Проанализированы антропометрические данные, гестационный возраст, форма атрезии пищевода по Gross, наличие сопутствующих врождённых пороков развития. Изучены варианты оперативного доступа, интраоперационные параметры, а также течение раннего послеоперационного периода. Зарегистрированы интраоперационные и послеоперационные осложнения. Проведён поиск факторов, влияющих на развитие основных хирургических осложнений.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Сочетанные врождённые пороки развития выявлены у 31 (49,2%) ребёнка, среди которых преобладали пороки сердца (19,1%). Подавляющее большинство случаев в структуре атрезии пищевода пришлось на тип C по Gross — 55 человек (87,3%). Оперативное лечение выполнено 62 (98,4%) детям (медиана возраста — 2 сут). Радикальное вмешательство проведено у 58 (93,5%) пациентов: 32 (55,2%) — открытым доступом, 26 (44,8%) — торакоскопическим. Этапное оперативное лечение — у 4 (6,5%) детей. Единственное интраоперационное осложнение — перфорация трахеи (1,6%). Осложнения зарегистрированы у 48 (77,4%) пациентов, наиболее важные из них: несостоятельность анастомоза — у 10 (16,1%) на 4,1 ± 1,52 сут; стеноз анастомоза — у 30 (48,4%) детей. Значимым предиктором стриктуры анастомоза оказалась трахеомаляция: её наличие повышало риск стриктуры в 4,6 раза (95% доверительный интервал 1,381–15,320; <italic>p</italic> = 0,013). Общая выживаемость — 90,4% (6 летальных исходов, все были обусловлены тяжёлыми врождёнными пороками развития, кроме одного неоперированного ребёнка). Медиана наблюдения — 25 мес. Бессобытийная выживаемость — 31,7%, медиана времени до наступления события — 0,8 мес.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Основная причина летальности при атрезии пищевода — сочетанные врождённые пороки развития. Дифференцированный подход к оперативному доступу исходя из веса, срока гестации и сопутствующей патологии демонстрирует идентичные результаты лечения. Сохраняется достаточно высокая встречаемость послеоперационных осложнений, в нашем исследовании отмечалась гипердиагностика стриктур пищевода на начальных этапах. Вместе с тем в качестве значимого предиктора формирования стриктуры анастомоза была выявлена трахеомаляция, тогда как при поиске предикторов развития его несостоятельности статистически значимых факторов обнаружить не удалось.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证。</bold>食管闭锁是一种先天性发育畸形，常合并其他器官畸形。随着新生儿复苏技术的进步，合并严重共病患儿的存活率有所提高。但关于手术入路选择、早期和远期并发症的预防与治疗等问题仍有待解决。</p> <p><bold>目的。</bold>分析食管闭锁及孤立性气管食管瘘患儿的治疗结果。</p> <p><bold>方法。</bold>这项回顾性研究纳入2020年3月至2025年12月期间在新西伯利亚州立医院小儿外科接受治疗的63名儿童（25名女孩，38名男孩）。分析了人体测量数据、孕周、Gross分型的食管闭锁形式以及并存的其他先天性发育畸形。研究了手术入路方式、术中参数以及早期术后病程。记录了术中和术后并发症。并对影响主要外科并发症发生的因素进行了探索。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>31名（49.2%）患儿发现合并其他先天性发育畸形，其中心脏畸形占主导（19.1%）。绝大多数病例（87.3%，55人）的食管闭锁结构属于Gross C型。62名（98.4%）患儿接受了手术治疗（中位年龄为2天）。 58名（93.5%）患者进行了根治性手术：32例（55.2%）采用开胸手术，26例（44.8%）采用胸腔镜手术。 4名（6.5%）儿童接受了分期手术治疗。唯一的术中并发症是气管穿孔（1.6%）。48名（77.4%）患者记录了并发症，其中最重要的包括：吻合口漏—10例（16.1%），发生于术后4.1 ± 1.52天；吻合口狭窄—30例（48.4%）儿童。气管软化被证明是吻合口狭窄的重要预测因子：其存在使狭窄风险增加4.6倍（95%置信区间1.381–15.320；p = 0.013）。总生存率为90.4%（6例死亡，均由严重的先天性畸形导致， 除1例未手术患儿外）。中位随访时间为25个月。无事件生存率为31.7%，事件发生时间的中位数为 0.8个月。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>食管闭锁死亡的主要原因是合并其他先天性发育畸形。根据体重、孕周和并存病理情况采取差异化的手术入路策略，显示出相同的治疗效果。术后并发症的发生率仍然相当高，我们的研究注意到早期存在食管狭窄的过度诊断。与此同时，气管软化被确定为形成吻合口狭窄的重要预测因子，而在寻找吻合口漏的预测因子时，未发现统计学显著的因素。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>esophageal atresia</kwd><kwd>pediatric surgery</kwd><kwd>esophago-esophageal anastomosis</kwd><kwd>esophageal stricture</kwd><kwd>anastomotic leak</kwd><kwd>thoracoscopy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атрезия пищевода</kwd><kwd>детская хирургия</kwd><kwd>эзофаго-эзофагоанастомоз</kwd><kwd>стриктура пищевода</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность анастомоза</kwd><kwd>торакоскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>食管闭锁</kwd><kwd>小儿外科</kwd><kwd>食管食管吻合术</kwd><kwd>食管狭窄</kwd><kwd>吻合口漏</kwd><kwd>胸腔镜</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krishnan U, Dumont MW, Slater H, et al. 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