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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic2015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QYMYBU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical interventions for children receiving palliative care: organizational, clinical, and ethical aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургические пособия у детей, получающих паллиативную медицинскую помощь. Организационные, клинические и этические аспекты</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>接受姑息医疗儿童的外科手术干预：组织、临床和伦理方面</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-7025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9902-4290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ampar</surname><given-names>Fatima B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ампар</surname><given-names>Фатима Баталовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ampar</surname><given-names>Fatima B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fatampar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-6779</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4284-4702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afukov</surname><given-names>Ivan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афуков</surname><given-names>Иван Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Afukov</surname><given-names>Ivan I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>AfukovII@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4063-9362</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3875-5040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaganov</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ваганов</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vaganov</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>nnvaganov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7144-0877</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2558-8291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremin</surname><given-names>Dmitri B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерёмин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Eremin</surname><given-names>Dmitri B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eremindb1@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-6804</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2381-5969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикин</surname><given-names>Олег Валентинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pikin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>e.bazarova.bg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-967X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2770-3752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozinov</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розинов</surname><given-names>Владимир Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rozinov</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>rozinov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">G.N. Speransky Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">G.N. Speransky Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Medical Research Radiological Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Veltishchev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Veltishchev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>220</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2015">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2015</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> A current trend in Russian pediatrics is an increase in the number of inpatient palliative care units for children and, accordingly, the number of beds and patients in this population.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To identify the need for various types, forms, and techniques of surgical interventions depending on the pathology that indicates palliative care, clinical manifestations, risks of underlying disease complications, and planned procedures.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> This retrospective observational study included data from 240 children with palliative status who underwent 405 different procedures between 2021 and 2025 at the G.N. Speransky Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9. Older patients predominated (30.8%); no gender differences were found. The main group consisted of patients with cerebral palsy (40.4%), chronic (recurrent) respiratory failure (22.5%), and brain lesions (21.3%) of various etiologies. The assessment protocol included clinical, imaging, endoscopic, and laboratory methods.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The most common procedures were gastrostomy (56.4%), tracheostomy (17.2%), thoracentesis with pleural drainage (10.3%), and fundoplication (9.1%). The number of procedures increased from 33 to 127 annually over the study period. We identified procedures aimed at improving quality of life and care conditions (75.8%), relieving (15.1%), and preventing (9.1%) complications. Elective surgery was performed in 66.9% of patients, while urgent and emergency procedures accounted for 17.5% and 15.6% of cases, respectively. Among early complications, wound suppuration predominated (1.7%); late complications included "bumper" syndrome and gastrostomy anchor failure in 3 (1.3%) patients. No procedure-related deaths occurred.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Comprehensive palliative care for children was successfully implemented in a multidisciplinary children's hospital, where the surgical component is focused on preventing or alleviating suffering, improving quality of life for the child, family comfort, and working conditions for medical staff. With interdisciplinary agreement among specialists and a constructive approach from the patient's family, surgical interventions effectively and safely improve the quality of life of terminally ill children, alleviate suffering, and improve working conditions for medical staff.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Актуальной тенденцией отечественной педиатрии является рост количества стационарных отделений паллиативной медицинской помощи детям, соответственно коечного фонда и числа профильных больных.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Выявить потребности в различных видах, формах и технологиях хирургических пособий в зависимости от патологии, определяющей показания к паллиативной медицинской помощи, клинических проявлений, рисков осложнений основного заболевания и планируемых вмешательств.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В ретроспективное наблюдательное исследование включены данные 240 детей с паллиативным статусом, которым в период 2021–2025 гг. в детской городской клинической больнице № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского были выполнены 405 различных операций. Превалировали (30,8%) пациенты старшего возраста, закономерностей гендерных различий не выявлено. Основную группу, составили пациенты с детским церебральным параличом (40,4%), хронической (рецидивирующей) дыхательной недостаточностью (22,5%) и поражениями головного мозга (21,3%) различного генеза. Протокол обследования включал клинические, лучевые, эндоскопические и лабораторные технологии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Наиболее распространённые вмешательства — гастростомия (56,4%), трахеостомия (17,2%), торакоцентез, дренирование плевральной полости (10,3%) и фундопликация (9,1%). Количество ежегодных операций за учётный период возросло с 33 до 127. Выделены вмешательства, направленные на улучшение качества жизни пациента и условий ухода за ним (75,8%), купирование (15,1%) и профилактику (9,1%) осложнений. В плановом порядке оперированы 66,9% больных, неотложная и экстренная формы вмешательств реализованы соответственно в 17,5 и 15,6% клинических наблюдений. В структуре «ранних» осложнений доминировали (1,7%) нагноения послеоперационных ран, «поздние» были представлены «бампер»-синдромом и несостоятельностью фиксаторов гастростом у 3 (1,3%) пациентов. Летальных исходов, обусловленных вмешательством, не было.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Комплексная паллиативная медицинская помощь детям была успешно реализована в многопрофильной детской больнице, где хирургическая составляющая сфокусирована на предотвращении или облегчении страданий и повышении качества жизни больного ребёнка, комфорта существования его семьи, условий работы медицинского персонала. В условиях междисциплинарного согласия специалистов, при конструктивной позиции семьи пациента хирургическая деятельность эффективно и безопасно обеспечивает улучшение качества жизни неизлечимо больных, облегчение страданий близких и условий труда медицинского персонала.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证。</bold>国内儿科的发展趋势是儿童姑息医疗住院科室及相应床位数量和专科患者数量的增长。</p> <p><bold>目的。</bold>根据不同病理（决定姑息医疗指征）、临床表现、基础疾病并发症风险及计划干预措施，确定对外科手术干预各类形式技术的需求。</p> <p><bold>方法。</bold>回顾性观察研究纳入240名姑息状态患儿数据，2021-2025年间在以 Speransky命名的第9市立儿童临床医院共完成405例不同手术。年长患者占主导（30.8%），未发现性别差异规律。主要组成为儿童脑性瘫痪（40.4%）、慢性（复发性）呼吸功能不全（22.5%）和不同病因脑病变（21.3%）患者。检查方案包括临床、影像学、内窥镜和实验室技术。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>最普遍干预措施：胃造口术（56.4%）、气管造口术（17.2%）、胸腔穿刺术、胸膜腔引流（10.3%）和胃底折叠术（9.1%）。研究期间年手术量从33例增至127例。确定了旨在改善患者生活质量和护理条件的干预措施（75.8%）、控制（15.1%）和并发症预防（9.1%）。66.9%患者择期手术，紧急和急诊干预分别占17.5%和15.6%。"早期"并发症中以术后伤口感染为主（1.7%），"晚期"表现为3例（1.3%）患者出现 "bumper"综合征和胃造口固定器失效。无手术相关致死结局。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>综合性儿童姑息医疗在多专科儿童医院成功实施，外科重点在于预防或减轻痛苦、提高患儿生活质量、改善其家庭生存舒适度及医务人员工作条件。在多学科协作、患者家庭建设性立场下， 外科活动能有效安全地改善绝症患者生活质量、减轻亲属痛苦并优化医务人员劳动条件。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>palliative care</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>паллиативная медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>姑息医疗</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>外科治疗</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Information and analytical review no. 27. 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