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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1977</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1977</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PYYQES</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Practice Guidelines</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические рекомендации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">2025 national clinical huideline for sepsis in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сепсис у детей: федеральные клинические рекомендации 2025</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>儿童脓毒症：2025年联邦临床指南</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-1625</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3630-5061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lekmanov</surname><given-names>Andrey U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лекманов</surname><given-names>Андрей Устинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lekmanov</surname><given-names>Andrey U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>aulek@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-9461</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5617-6616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Petr I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Пётр Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Petr I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>mironovpi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-4813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2225-1630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrovich</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрович</surname><given-names>Юрий Станиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Aleksandrovich</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>jalex1963@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-0909</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3100-6771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azovskiy</surname><given-names>Dmitry K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азовский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Кириллович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Azovskiy</surname><given-names>Dmitry K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>azovskii.dk@medsigroup.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-1982</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6694-6714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>da_popov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-5296</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8423-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenisnov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшениснов</surname><given-names>Константин Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pshenisnov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>Psh_K@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4131-9440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8489-9991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzurov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музуров</surname><given-names>Александр Львович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Muzurov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>al_muz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научно-исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pirogov Russian Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>583</fpage><lpage>619</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1977">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1977</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is an adapted version of the federal clinical guidelines on sepsis in children, developed by the specialists of the Association of Pediatric Anesthesiologists and Intensivists of Russia and approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on October 10, 2025. Definitions of sepsis and septic shock in pediatric patients are substantiated, including their criteria. Data on etiology and pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of shock are presented. Recommendations for intensive care management of sepsis and septic shock include sections on antimicrobial therapy in pediatric sepsis, hemodynamic, respiratory, and nutritional support, renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal blood purification, and adjuvant therapy. It also discusses controversial issues related to the use of immunomodulatory agents, corticosteroids, and vitamins. The work emphasizes that in children with septic shock, antimicrobial therapy should be initiated no later than 1 hour after diagnosis, whereas in the absence of shock it should be started no later than 3 hours after diagnosis. It is noted that infusion therapy in children with septic shock during the first hour after diagnosis should not exceed 40 mL/kg in order to prevent fluid overload, with balanced crystalloid electrolyte solutions recommended as first-line agents for volume resuscitation. In septic shock, norepinephrine and epinephrine are the drugs of choice for hemodynamic correction, whereas dopamine is not recommended. It is demonstrated that septic shock and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome are absolute indications for invasive mechanical ventilation using lung-protective strategies. The importance of early initiation of enteral nutrition in children with sepsis and septic shock is emphasized; it is considered justified even during infusion of inotropic agents provided that hemodynamic parameters are stable. Renal replacement therapy is indicated not only for substitution of renal function but also for correction of fluid overload when diuretic therapy is ineffective. Convincing evidence is presented that the use of plasma exchange and sorption techniques in children with sepsis and septic shock is currently not recommended. It is noted that hydrocortisone therapy in children with sepsis is justified only in refractory septic shock. Modern principles of metabolic management in sepsis are described, indicating that optimal blood glucose levels in children should not exceed 7.8 mmol/L; insulin therapy is justified when blood glucose levels exceed 10 mmol/L. Data on rehabilitation, prevention, and organization of medical care for pediatric sepsis are also provided.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данная статья является адаптацией федеральных клинических рекомендаций по сепсису у детей, разработанных специалистами Ассоциации детских анестезиологов-реаниматологов России и утвержденных Министерством здравоохранения России 10.10.2025. Обоснованы дефиниции сепсиса и септического шока у педиатрических пациентов и их критерии. Представлены данные по этиологии и патогенезу, эпидемиологии, клинической картине и диагностике шока. Рекомендации по интенсивной терапии сепсиса и септического шока включают в себя разделы по применению антимикробных препаратов при сепсисе у детей, гемодинамической, респираторной и нутритивной поддержке, заместительной почечной терапии и экстракорпоральной гемокоррекции, адъювантной терапии, обсуждению спорных вопросов по использованию иммуномодулриющих препаратов, кортикостероидов и витаминов. Авторы обращают особое внимание, что у детей с септическим шоком антимикробную терапию рекомендуется начинать не позднее чем через 1 ч после постановки диагноза, при отсутствии шока она должна быть начата не позднее чем через 3 ч после постановки диагноза. Отражено, что инфузионную терапию у детей с септическим шоком в течение первого часа после постановки диагноза рекомендуется проводить в объеме не более 40 мл/кг с целью предотвращения перегрузки жидкостью, при этом препаратами первой линии для волемической поддержки являются сбалансированные кристаллоидные растворы электролитов. При наличии септического шока препараты выбора для коррекции гемодинамических нарушений — норэпинефрин и эпинефрин, применение допамина не рекомендуется. Продемонстрировано, что септический шок и острый респираторный дистресс-синдром тяжелой степени — абсолютные показания для инвазивной искусственной вентиляции легких c применением протективных стратегий. Отмечена необходимость раннего начала энтерального питания у детей с сепсисом и септическим шоком, которое оправдано даже на фоне инфузии кардиотонических препаратов при условии стабильных показателей гемодинамики. Указано, что использование заместительной почечной терапии обосновано не только для замещения функции почек, но и с целью коррекции гипергидратации при неэффективности терапии диуретиками. Представлены убедительные доказательства, того, что использование плазмообмена и сорбционных методов при сепсисе и септическом шоке у детей в настоящее время не рекомендуется. Отмечено, что применение гидрокортизона у детей с сепсисом оправдано только при рефрактером септическом шоке. Отражены современные принципы коррекции метаболического статуса при сепсисе, указано, что оптимальная концентрация глюкозы в крови у детей в данной ситуации не должна превышать 7,8 ммоль/л; применение инсулина оправдано при концентрации глюкозы в крови более 10 ммоль/л. Приведены данные о реабилитации, профилактике и организации медицинской службы при сепсисе у детей.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本文为儿童脓毒症联邦临床指南的改编版本。该指南由 Association of Pediatric Anesthesiologists and Intensivists of Russia 的专家制定，并于2025年10月10日经Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation批准。指南对儿童脓毒症和脓毒性休克的定义及其判定标准进行了论证。并介绍了休克的病因学与发病机制、流行病学、临床表现及其诊断。关于脓毒症和脓毒性休克的重症治疗，指南涵盖了儿童脓毒症的抗菌治疗、血流动力学支持、呼吸支持和营养支持、肾脏替代治疗与体外血液净化、辅助治疗， 并讨论了免疫调节药物、糖皮质激素和维生素应用等存在争议的问题。作者特别指出：对脓毒性休克患儿，抗菌治疗应在确诊后 不迟于1小时 内开始；在无休克情况下，抗菌治疗应在确诊后 不迟于3小时 内启动。指南指出，在脓毒性休克患儿中，确诊后首小时内的液体治疗总量建议不超过 40 ml/kg，以防止液体过负荷；容量支持的一线用药为 平衡型晶体电解质溶液。在存在脓毒性休克时，用于纠正血流动力学紊乱的首选药物为去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素，不推荐使用多巴胺。文中指出，脓毒性休克和重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征 是实施有创机械通气并采用肺保护性通气策略的绝对指征。同时强调，应尽早开始对脓毒症及脓毒性休克患儿进行肠内营养支持；在血流动力学稳定的前提下，即使在使用正性肌力药物期间，亦可启动肠内营养。指南还指出，肾脏替代治疗不仅用于替代肾功能，在利尿剂治疗无效时，也可用于纠正液体过负荷。提供了充分证据表明，目前不推荐在儿童脓毒症和脓毒性休克中使用血浆置换及吸附治疗方法。强调 氢化可的松仅适用于难治性脓毒性休克患儿。此外，文章阐述了脓毒症代谢状态纠正的现代原则，指出儿童在该情况下的血糖最佳控制水平不应超过7.8 mmol/L；当血糖浓度超过10 mmol/L时，使用胰岛素治疗才具有合理性。最后，指南还介绍了儿童脓毒症的康复、预防以及医疗服务体系的组织问题。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>septic shock</kwd><kwd>intensive care</kwd><kwd>clinical guidelines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>септический шок</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd><kwd>клинические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>脓毒症</kwd><kwd>脓毒性休克</kwd><kwd>重症治疗</kwd><kwd>临床指南</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Association of Pediatric Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators of Russia. 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