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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1972</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1972</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VWMPVA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multicenter study of intensive care interventions for neonatal respiratory distress according to etiology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мультицентровое исследование мероприятий интенсивной терапии респираторного дистресса у новорождённых в зависимости от этиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>依据病因实施新生儿呼吸窘迫重症监护干预的多中心研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0060-4168</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4437-9626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>spb@gpma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-4813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2225-1630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrovich</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрович</surname><given-names>Юрий Станиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Aleksandrovich</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>Jalex1963@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-5296</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8423-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenisnov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшениснов</surname><given-names>Константин Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pshenisnov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>Psh_K@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2854-8473</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4394-2127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Temirova</surname><given-names>Jamilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темирова</surname><given-names>Джамиля Алибулатовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Temirova</surname><given-names>Jamilya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>temirova.2013@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-1502</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9146-8255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акименко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Akimenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>t.akimenko2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-3297</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8900-0990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boronina</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боронина</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Boronina</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>irinaboronina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-7141</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4308-6025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlovskaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павловская</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pavlovskaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>l.pavlovskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1972">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1972</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Respiratory distress is a major critical condition in the neonatal period requiring management in the intensive care unit, while the volume and quality of therapeutic measures can have a significant impact on the outcome of the disease.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive care interventions and to identify markers predicting the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress during the first day of life, depending on the underlying condition.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> This multicenter retrospective cohort study included data from 176 neonates. Inclusion criteria were 1) respiratory distress within the first 24 hours after birth and 2) requirement for any form of respiratory support. The median birth weight was 1605 [1065; 2180] g, and the median gestational age was 31.6 [29.0; 34.5] weeks.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The mortality rate was 3%. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 100 (55.6%) neonates; it was used in 100% of cases with meconium aspiration syndrome and in 68.8% and 81.5% of cases with infections specific to the perinatal period and asphyxia, respectively. The highest vasoactive–inotropic score was observed in neonates with infections specific to the perinatal period—2.5 [0.0; 10.0]—which was significant compared with neonates with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration syndrome (<italic>p</italic> = 0.046 and p = 0.046, respectively). The main predictors of the need for invasive mechanical ventilation were birth weight (cutoff 1395 g; sensitivity 88.8%, specificity 75.5%), gestational age (cutoff 30.55 weeks; sensitivity 84.4%, specificity 75.5%), Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes (cutoff 5 and 6 points; sensitivity 82.2% and 84.4%, specificity 73.5% and 63.2%, respectively), and Silverman–Andersen score (cutoff 3 points; sensitivity 82%, specificity 64.4%).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Birth weight &lt; 1395 g and gestational age &lt; 30.5 weeks are the main predictors of the need for invasive mechanical ventilation during the first day of life in neonates with respiratory distress.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Респираторный дистресс — основное критическое состояние неонатального периода, требующее лечения в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии, при этом объём и качество терапевтических мероприятий могут оказать существенное влияние на исход заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценить эффективность мероприятий по интенсивной терапии и выявить маркеры потребности в инвазивной искусственной вентиляции лёгких при респираторном дистрессе у новорождённых в первые сутки жизни в зависимости от основного заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>В мультицентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование вошли данные обследования 176 новорождённых. Критерии включения: 1) наличие респираторного дистресса в первые сутки после рождения; 2) необходимость в любой респираторной поддержке. Медиана веса составила 1605 [1065; 2180] г, гестационного возраста — 31,6 [29,0; 34,5] нед.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Летальные исходы зарегистрированы в 3% случаев. Инвазивная искусственная вентиляция лёгких проводилась 100 (55,6%) новорождённым, при синдроме аспирации мекония её использовали в 100% случаев, при инфекциях, специфичных для перинатального периода и асфиксии, — в 68,8 и 81,5% случаев соответственно. Максимальные показатели вазопрессорно-инотропного индекса зафиксированы у новорождённых с инфекциями, специфичными для перинатального периода — 2,5 [0,0; 10], что было статистически значимым по сравнению с детьми с респираторным дистресс-синдромом новорождённых и синдромом аспирации мекония (<italic>р</italic>=0,046 и <italic>р</italic>=0,046 соответственно). Основные факторы, определяющие потребность в инвазивной искусственной вентиляции лёгких, — масса тела при рождении (точка отсечения — 1395 г, чувствительность 88,8%, специфичность 75,5%), срок гестации (точка отсечения — 30,55 нед., чувствительность 84,4%, специфичность 75,5%); оценка по шкале Апгар на первой и пятой минутах (точка отсечения — 5 и 6 баллов, чувствительность 82,2 и 84,4%, специфичность 73,5 и 63,2% соответственно) и оценка по шкале Сильвермана–Андерсен (точка отсечения — 3 балла, чувствительность 82%, специфичность 64,4%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Вес тела при рождении менее 1395 г и срок гестации менее 30,5 нед. — основные предикторы потребности в инвазивной искусственной вентиляции лёгких в первые сутки жизни у новорождённых с респираторным дистрессом.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。呼吸窘迫是新生儿期主要危重症状，需要接受重症监护病房的治疗。</p> <p>目的。评估针对不同基础疾病的新生儿在出生后首日呼吸窘迫的强化治疗措施效果，并确定其对有创机械通气的需求标志物。</p> <p>方法。这项多中心回顾性队列研究纳入了176名新生儿的检查数据。纳入标准：1）出生后24小时内出现呼吸窘迫；2）需任何形式的呼吸支持。体重中位数为1605 [1065; 2180] 克，孕周中位数为31.6 [29.0; 34.5] 周。</p> <p>结果。病死率为3%。接受有创机械通气的新生儿为100例（55.6%），其中胎粪吸入综合征患者使用率为100%，围产期特异性感染和窒息患者使用率分别为68.8%和81.5%。围产期特异性感染患儿血管加压-肌力指数最高达2.5[0.0; 10.0]，与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征及胎粪吸入综合征患儿相比具有统计学意义（p=0.046；p=0.046）。影响有创机械通气需求的主要因素包括：出生体重（截断值1395克，敏感性88.8%，特异性75.5%）、孕周（截断值30.55周，敏感性84.4%，特异性75.5%）、Apgar评分 （1分钟和5分钟截断值分别为5分和6分，敏感性82.2%和84.4%，特异性73.5%和63.2%）及Silverman–Andersen评分（截断值3分，敏感性82%，特异性64.4%）。</p> <p>结论。 对于出现呼吸窘迫的新生儿，出生体重低于1395克或孕周不足30.5周是出生首日需要接受有创机械通气的主要预测指标。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neonate</kwd><kwd>respiratory distress</kwd><kwd>respiratory failure</kwd><kwd>intensive care</kwd><kwd>respiratory support</kwd><kwd>outcome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новорождённый</kwd><kwd>респираторный дистресс</kwd><kwd>дыхательная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd><kwd>респираторная поддержка</kwd><kwd>исход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>新生儿</kwd><kwd>呼吸窘迫</kwd><kwd>呼吸衰竭</kwd><kwd>重症监护</kwd><kwd>呼吸支持</kwd><kwd>临床转归</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Volodina NN, Degtyareva DN. 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