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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1951</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1951</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YVPBGS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of complications after neonatal bladder exstrophy closure, and rationale for an alternative surgical strategy: a case series</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ осложнений после неонатальной пластики экстрофии мочевого пузыря и обоснование альтернативной тактики: серия клинических случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>新生儿期膀胱外翻关闭术后并发症分析及替代治疗策略的合理性：临床病例系列</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-4825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Vasily V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Василий Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Vasily V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vasnik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-5019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2757-6028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>Nikita V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмин</surname><given-names>Никита Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>Nikita V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>doctor@drdemin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma — Dr. Roshal’s Clinic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии — Клиника доктора Рошаля</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma — Dr. Roshal’s Clinic</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>517</fpage><lpage>526</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-30"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1951">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1951</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Although neonatal closure of bladder exstrophy has conventionally been considered the standard surgical approach, accumulated clinical experience indicates a high incidence of severe complications. To date, the pathogenesis of these complications and the role of specific surgical techniques—particularly pubic bone approximation and the extent of bladder mobilization—in the development of adverse outcomes remain insufficiently studied.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of complications following neonatal bladder exstrophy closure, identify their probable causes, and substantiate an alternative surgical strategy.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A retrospective analysis was performed of 33 patients who underwent neonatal bladder exstrophy closure at different institutions and were subsequently referred to our clinic with complications between 2019 and 2024. The timing and nature of complications, as well as the outcomes of reoperations, were analyzed. In most cases, repeat surgery was performed using a modified technique without pubic bone approximation.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The most common complications included complete wound dehiscence (36%), fistula formation (27%), bladder prolapse (18%), and buried penis (12%). In several patients, protrusion of suture material or mesh fixators into the bladder or urethral lumen was identified, accompanied by inflammation and stone formation. Repeat closure with wide bladder mobilization and without pubic bone approximation achieved anatomical integrity in the majority of cases.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Neonatal bladder exstrophy closure is associated with a high rate of severe complications, primarily related to tension during pubic bone approximation, insufficient bladder and/or bladder-urethral segment mobilization. Delayed closure at 2–4 months of age without pubic bone approximation demonstrates high anatomical reliability and may be considered a preferable surgical option in specialized centers. Osteotomy should be deferred to a later stage, when the pelvic bones are more robust.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Несмотря на то, что неонатальное закрытие экстрофии мочевого пузыря традиционно считается стандартной тактикой, накопленный клинический опыт показывает высокую частоту тяжелых осложнений. До настоящего времени остается недостаточно изученным их патогенез и роль хирургических приемов, в частности аппроксимации лонных костей и объема мобилизации мочевого пузыря, в развитии неблагоприятных исходов.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить спектр осложнений после неонатального закрытия экстрофии мочевого пузыря, выявить их вероятные причины и обосновать альтернативную хирургическую тактику.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 33 пациентов, перенесших неонатальное закрытие экстрофии в разных учреждениях и повторно обратившихся в нашу клинику с осложнениями в течение 2019–2024 гг. Изучались сроки появления осложнений, их характер, результаты повторных вмешательств. Все повторные операции проводились по модифицированной методике без аппроксимации лонных костей у большинства пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Наиболее частыми осложнениями были полное расхождение швов (36%), свищи (27%), пролапс мочевого пузыря (18%) и утопленный половой член (12%). У ряда пациентов выявлена протрузия шовного материала или сетчатых фиксаторов в просвет мочевого пузыря и уретры, сопровождавшаяся воспалением и камнеобразованием. Повторное закрытие с широкой мобилизацией мочевого пузыря и без сведения лонных костей у большинства пациентов позволило достичь анатомической состоятельности во всех случаях.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Неонатальное закрытие экстрофии сопряжено с высокой частотой тяжелых осложнений, связанных с аппроксимацией лонных костей с натяжением, недостаточной мобилизацией мочевого пузыря и/или пузырно-уретрального сегмента. Отсроченное закрытие в возрасте 2–4 мес. без аппроксимации лонных костей демонстрирует высокую анатомическую надежность. Можно его рассматривать как предпочтительный вариант хирургического лечения в условиях специализированного центра. Вопрос о проведение остеотомии целесообразно перенести на более поздний срок, когда кости становятся более прочными.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证。</bold>尽管新生儿期膀胱外翻关闭术传统上被视为标准治疗策略，但积累的临床经验表明，其严重并发症的发生率较高。迄今为止，并发症的发生机制及手术技术因素，尤其是耻骨联合逼近和膀胱游离范围，在不良结局中的作用仍研究不足。</p> <p><bold>目的。</bold>评估新生儿期膀胱外翻关闭术后的并发症谱，分析其可能原因，并论证替代性外科治疗策略的合理性。</p> <p><bold>方法。</bold>对2019–2024年期间33例在不同医疗机构接受新生儿期膀胱外翻关闭术、并因并发症再次转诊至本中心的患儿资料进行回顾性分析。分析内容包括并发症出现的时间、性质以及再次手术的结果。所有再次手术均采用改良术式，其中多数患儿未行耻骨联合逼近。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>最常见的并发症为缝合口完全裂开（36%）、瘘形成（27%）、膀胱脱垂（18%）及阴茎埋藏（12%）。 部分患儿出现缝线材料或网状固定装置突出至膀胱或尿道腔内，并伴有炎症反应及结石形成。在多数病例中，于充分游离膀胱且不进行耻骨联合逼近的条件下实施再次关闭手术，均获得了解剖学完整性。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>新生儿期膀胱外翻关闭术与较高发生率的严重并发症相关，这些并发症与在张力条件下进行耻骨联合逼近、膀胱和/或膀胱—尿道段游离不足有关。在生后2–4个月行不伴随耻骨联合逼近的延期关闭术显示出较高的解剖学可靠性，在专科中心条件下可视为更为可取的手术策略。关于是否实施骨盆截骨术，宜推迟至骨骼更为坚固的阶段再予考虑。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder exstrophy</kwd><kwd>neonatal closure</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>pubic bone approximation</kwd><kwd>delayed closure</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстрофия мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>неонатальное закрытие</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>аппроксимация лонных костей</kwd><kwd>отсроченное закрытие</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>膀胱外翻</kwd><kwd>新生儿期关闭</kwd><kwd>并发症</kwd><kwd>耻骨联合逼近</kwd><kwd>延期关闭</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zaman MH, Davis R, Maruf M, et al. 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