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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1941</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1941</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ALUTIU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cerebral venous thrombosis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: case reports</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Церебральный венозный тромбоз у детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника: клинические случаи</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>炎症性肠病患儿的脑静脉血栓形成：临床病例</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5863-1556</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7773-3520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>Elmira I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>Эльмира Ибрагимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>Elmira I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>el-alieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-3080</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3478-8606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>olga-03@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1116</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1247-1019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bataev</surname><given-names>Saidkhasan M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батаев</surname><given-names>Саидхасан Магомедович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bataev</surname><given-names>Saidkhasan M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>khassan-2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-5872</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6329-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyabkin</surname><given-names>Ilya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зябкин</surname><given-names>Илья Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zyabkin</surname><given-names>Ilya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ZyabkinIV@kidsfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>557</fpage><lpage>570</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1941">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1941</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inflammatory bowel disease may be complicated by central and peripheral venous thrombosis, with cerebral vessel involvement representing the most life-threatening localization in childhood. Cerebral venous thrombosis occurs in approximately 3% of children with inflammatory bowel disease and most frequently develops during disease exacerbation. This article presents four cases of cerebral venous thrombosis: three in children with ulcerative colitis and one in a patient with Crohn disease. The first case describes an 8-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis, a history of neonatal cerebral ischemia, and intestinal disease onset at 6 years of age. Chronic relapsing ulcerative colitis was complicated during an acute exacerbation by intestinal bleeding, requiring emergency colectomy with ileostomy. One and a half months after surgery, the patient developed an acute cerebrovascular event (ischemic stroke). To date, the child has persistent spastic hemiparesis. The second case involves a 10-year-old boy with chronic continuous ulcerative colitis refractory to both glucocorticoid and biologic therapy, who died following a cerebral infarction caused by thrombosis of the cerebral arteries. The third case is a very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease in a 6-year-old girl (ulcerative colitis diagnosed at 2 years of age), who had maintained remission for 3 years on maintenance therapy; during a disease exacerbation, she developed acute thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. The fourth case describes a 16-year-old adolescent with Crohn disease complicated by ileal strictures and enteroenteric and pararectal fistulas; sagittal sinus thrombosis developed one week after initiation of glucocorticoid therapy. This life-threatening condition influenced surgical strategy, necessitating an initial diverting stoma rather than immediate radical surgery. Risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis in our patients included early disease onset, continuous disease course, genetic predisposition, multiple courses of steroid therapy, severe disease activity, and surgical treatment. An individualized approach and tailored treatment strategy allow favorable outcomes to be achieved in most cases. In children with inflammatory bowel disease — especially during severe disease activity and in the presence of thrombotic risk factors — early identification and differentiation of vascular complications are critically important. Patients with cerebral venous thrombosis require follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach with mandatory involvement of neurosurgeons, neurologists, and rehabilitation specialists. Unfortunately, practicing physicians remain insufficiently aware of these complications of inflammatory bowel disease, which contributes to delayed diagnosis and fatal outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Воспалительные заболевания кишечника могут осложняться центральными и периферическими венозными тромбозами, а наиболее жизнеугрожающей локализацией в детском возрасте являются сосуды головного мозга. Церебральный венозный тромбоз встречается у 3% детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника и наиболее часто — во время обострения заболевания. В статье представлены четыре наблюдения церебрального венозного тромбоза у трех детей с язвенным колитом и у одного пациента с болезнью Крона. Первый клинический пример демонстрирует мальчика 8 лет с язвенным колитом, церебральной ишемией в периоде новорожденности и дебютом заболевания кишечника в шестилетнем возрасте. Язвенный колит с хроническим рецидивирующим течением при очередном обострении осложнился кишечным кровотечением, что потребовало проведения срочной колэктомии с наложением илеостомы. Через 1,5 мес. после операции отмечалось острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения (ишемический инсульт). До настоящего времени у ребенка сохраняется спастический гемипарез. Во втором наблюдении представлен случай хронического непрерывного течения язвенного колита у мальчика 10 лет, с рефрактерностью к гормональной и генно-инженерно-биологической терапии и летальным исходом после инфаркта головного мозга, вызванного тромбозом мозговых артерий. Третий клинический случай — очень раннее воспалительное заболевание кишечника у шестилетней девочки (диагноз «язвенный колит» установлен в 2 года), у которой в течение 3 лет сохранялась ремиссия на поддерживающей терапии и при обострении язвенного колита возник острый тромбоз верхнего сагиттального синуса. В четвертом клиническом примере представлен подросток 16 лет с болезнью Крона, осложненной стриктурами подвздошной кишки, межкишечными и параректальными свищами, с тромбозом сагиттального синуса, развившимся через неделю от начала гормональной терапии. Данное жизнеугрожающее состояние повлияло на хирургическую тактику лечения пациента, вынудив первоначально выполнить стомирующую операцию вместо радикального вмешательства. Факторами риска церебрального венозного тромбоза у наших пациентов являлись раннее начало и непрерывное течение заболевания, генетическая предрасположенность, неоднократные курсы стероидной терапии, тяжелая атака и проводимое оперативное лечение. Индивидуальный подход и подбор лечебной тактики позволяют в большинстве случаев достичь положительных результатов лечения.<bold><italic> </italic></bold>У детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника, особенно при тяжелой атаке и наличии факторов риска венозного тромбоза, очень важно выявить и дифференцировать сосудистые осложнения. Пациенты с церебральным венозным тромбозом нуждаются в динамическом наблюдении, мультидисциплинарном подходе с обязательным привлечением нейрохирургов, неврологов и реабилитологов.<italic> </italic>К сожалению, о таких осложнениях воспалительных заболеваний кишечника мало осведомлены практические врачи, что приводит к поздней диагностике и летальному исходу.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>炎症性肠病可并发中枢及外周静脉血栓形成，而在儿童期最具生命危险的累及部位为脑血管。脑静脉血栓形成约发生于3%的炎症性肠病患儿，且最常见于疾病活动期。本文报道4例脑静脉血栓形成病例，其中3例发生于溃疡性结肠炎患儿，1例发生于克罗恩病患者。第一例为8岁男童，既往有新生儿期脑缺血史，6岁时确诊溃疡性结肠炎。该病呈慢性复发性病程，在一次急性加重时并发肠道出血，因而被迫行急诊结肠切除术并造回肠造口。术后1.5个月发生急性脑循环障碍（缺血性脑卒中）。目前患儿仍遗留痉挛性偏瘫。第二例为10岁男童，溃疡性结肠炎呈慢性持续性病程，对激素治疗及生物制剂治疗均耐药，最终因 脑动脉血栓形成所致脑梗死而死亡。第三例为6岁女童，属极早发型炎症性肠病（2岁确诊为溃疡性结肠炎），在维持治疗下缓解持续3年，于一次复发期间发生 上矢状窦急性血栓形成。第四例为16岁青少年，克罗恩病并发回肠狭窄、肠间瘘及肛周瘘管，在激素治疗开始1周后 发生 上矢状窦血栓形成。该危及生命的并发症影响了患者的外科治疗策略，迫使最初先行造口手术，而非根治性手术。本组患者发生脑静脉血栓形成的危险因素包括：疾病早发、持续性病程、遗传易感性、反复激素治疗、重度活动期及外科手术干预。通过个体化治疗方案及合理的治疗策略，多数患儿可获得积极的治疗效果。对于炎症性肠病患儿，尤其是在重度活动期及合并静脉血栓高危因素时，应高度重视并及时鉴别血管并发症。脑静脉血栓形成患儿需接受动态随访及多学科联合管理，必须有神经外科医师、神经科医师及康复专科医师参与。遗憾的是，实践中医师对炎症性肠病相关并发症缺乏足够认识，导致诊断延迟，甚至出现致死结局。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory bowel disease</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>Crohn disease</kwd><kwd>thromboembolic complications</kwd><kwd>cerebral venous thrombosis</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>case reports</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболические осложнения</kwd><kwd>церебральный венозный тромбоз</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>клинические наблюдения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>炎症性肠病</kwd><kwd>溃疡性结肠炎</kwd><kwd>克罗恩病</kwd><kwd>血栓栓塞并发症</kwd><kwd>脑静脉血栓形成</kwd><kwd>卒中</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>临床病例</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lazzerini M, Bramuzzo M, Maschio M, et al. 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