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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1937</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1937</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WRDUNN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Systematic reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Систематические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term outcomes and rehabilitation perspectives in children after neonatal sepsis: a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отдаленные исходы и возможности реабилитации детей после перенесенного неонатального сепсиса: систематический обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>远期结局与新生儿败血症后患儿的康复潜力：文献综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-9094</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4406-2065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golomidov</surname><given-names>Alexandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голомидов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Golomidov</surname><given-names>Alexandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>golomidov.oritn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-3083</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2316-2287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Евгений Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><email>grigorievev@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-9018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5854-6890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozes</surname><given-names>Vadim G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозес</surname><given-names>Вадим Гельевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mozes</surname><given-names>Vadim G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vadimmoses@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2906-6217</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7479-6695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozes</surname><given-names>Kira B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозес</surname><given-names>Кира Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mozes</surname><given-names>Kira B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kbsolo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.V. Belyaev Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кузбасская областная клиническая больница им. С.В. Беляева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">S.V. Belyaev Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kemerovo State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>357</fpage><lpage>368</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1937">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1937</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of mortality and long-term complications in newborns. However, evidence-based approaches to the rehabilitation of children surviving sepsis remain insufficiently developed, highlighting the need to synthesize available data. This review summarizes current evidence on the long-term outcomes and rehabilitation opportunities in children who experienced sepsis during the neonatal period. A scientific data search covering 2019–2024 was conducted in PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases using keywords related to rehabilitation, sepsis, and neonates. After removing duplicates and applying multi-stage screening for relevance to the review topic, 55 publications were included for analysis. The review revealed a high risk of long-term multi-organ sequelae after neonatal sepsis, including neurological impairments (cognitive deficits, cerebral palsy), sensory deficits, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and cardiovascular dysfunction. It also highlights the lack of unified criteria and methodology for diagnosing neonatal sepsis, as well as protocols for assessing immediate and long-term outcomes in newborns who survived sepsis, and convincing evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific rehabilitation methods. The challenge of implementing modern rehabilitation in neonates is emphasized, since most existing scientific and practical approaches are based on extrapolation of data obtained from the rehabilitation of preterm infants or patients with other conditions, and are not supported by high-quality randomized controlled trials specifically in the population of children after sepsis. The review outlines the current three-stage rehabilitation model (in the intensive care unit, during inpatient care, and in outpatient settings) and discusses several key directions: neurorehabilitation (neuroprotective agents, kinesiotherapy, sensory integration), nutritional support (enriched feeding, optimization of protein–energy balance, prebiotics and probiotics), and psychological support (family-centered early intervention model). Promising approaches that require further investigation include novel neuroprotective agents (xenon, darbepoetin, topiramate, melatonin, caffeine, metformin, hydrocortisone, RLS-0071, stem cells, and sovateltide) and mesenchymal stromal cell secretome therapies. Despite the importance of this issue, the rehabilitation of children after neonatal sepsis remains a field with a low level of evidence. This review systematizes the available evidence, highlights the need for further research to develop evidence-based rehabilitation programs, and to establish individualized rehabilitation trajectories aimed at improving long-term outcomes and quality of life in neonates.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неонатальный сепсис остается значимой причиной смертности и отдаленных осложнений у новорожденных. При этом доказательные подходы к реабилитации выживших после сепсиса детей разработаны недостаточно, что определяет необходимость обобщения имеющихся данных. В обзоре приведены актуальные данные об отдаленных исходах и возможностях реабилитации детей, перенесших сепсис в периоде новорожденности. Поиск публикаций за 2019–2024 гг. проводили в базах данных PubMed и eLibrary.ru по ключевым словам, связанным с реабилитацией, сепсисом и новорожденными. После исключения дубликатов и многоэтапного скрининга на соответствие теме обзора, для анализа было отобрано 55 релевантных публикаций. Анализ литературы выявил высокий риск отдаленных полиорганных последствий перенесенного неонатального сепсиса, включая неврологические нарушения (когнитивный дефицит, детский церебральный паралич), сенсорный дефицит, бронхолегочную дисплазию и кардиоваскулярную дисфункцию. Обзор констатирует отсутствие единых критериев и методологии установления диагноза «неонатальный сепсис», протоколов оценки ближайших и отдаленных исходов у новорожденных, перенесших сепсис, и убедительных доказательств эффективности конкретных реабилитационных методик. Подчеркивается проблема внедрения современной реабилитации новорожденных, так как большинство существующих научных и практических подходов основано на экстраполяции данных, полученных при реабилитации недоношенных детей или пациентов с иной патологией, и не подкреплено результатами качественных рандомизированных контролируемых исследований именно в популяции детей после сепсиса. В работе описана современная трехэтапная модель реабилитации (в отделении реанимации, отделениях стационара и амбулаторно), а также проанализированы некоторые направления: нейрореабилитация (нейропротекторы, кинезиотерапия, сенсорная интеграция), нутритивная поддержка (обогащение питания, оптимизация белково-энергетического баланса, пребиотики и пробиотики) и психологическое сопровождение (модель семейно-центрированного раннего вмешательства). Обозначены перспективные, но нуждающиеся в дальнейшем изучении подходы, такие как применение новых молекул нейропротекторов (ксенона, дарбэпоэтина, топирамата, мелатонина, кофеина, метформина, гидрокортизона, RLS-0071, стволовых клеток, сователтида) и секретома мезенхимальных стромальных клеток. Несмотря на актуальность проблемы, реабилитация детей после неонатального сепсиса остается областью с низким уровнем доказательности. Представленный обзор систематизирует имеющиеся данные, подчеркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований для разработки научно обоснованных программ и формирования индивидуальных траекторий реабилитации, направленных на улучшение отдаленных исходов и качества жизни новорожденных.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>新生儿败血症仍是新生儿死亡及远期并发症的重要原因。然而，目前针对败血症存活儿童的康复缺乏循证依据，这突显了系统总结现有数据的必要性。本综述介绍了关于新生儿期经历败血症患儿远期结局及康复潜力的最新研究数据。2019–2024年间的相关文献在PubMed和eLibrary.ru数据库中检索，关键词涉及康复、败血症和新生儿。在去除重复文献并经过多阶段筛选以确保符合综述主题后，共纳入 55 篇相关研究进行分析。文献分析显示，新生儿败血症存在较高的远期多器官并发症风险，包括神经系统障碍（认知缺陷、脑性瘫痪）、感觉功能障碍、支气管肺发育不良和心血管功能异常。本综述指出，目前缺乏统一的新生儿败血症诊断标准、缺乏对经历败血症的新生儿近期和远期结局的评估方案，以及缺乏关于具体康复方法有效性的有力证据。本综述强调了在新生儿中推广现代康复的困难，因为大多数现有的科学和实践方法是基于对早产儿或其他病理患儿康复数据的外推，而在经历败血症的新生儿群体中尚缺乏高质量随机对照试验的验证。综述还描述了现代三阶段康复模式（重症监护期、住院期、门诊期），并探讨了几个主要方向：神经康复（神经保护剂、运动疗法、感觉统合训练）、营养支持（营养强化、蛋白–能量平衡优化、益生元和益生菌）、心理支持 （以家庭为中心的早期干预模式）。本综述指出了一些具有前景但仍需进一步研究的方法，例如应用新型神经保护剂（氙气、达贝泊汀、托吡酯、褪黑素、咖啡因、二甲双胍、氢化可的松、RLS-0071、 干细胞、索瓦替肽）以及间充质基质细胞分泌组。尽管问题具有现实意义，但新生儿败血症患儿的康复仍是循证水平较低的领域。本综述对现有数据进行了系统化整理，强调进一步研究的必要性， 以制定科学依据充分的康复方案，并形成个体化康复路径，旨在改善新生儿的远期预后和生活质量。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neonates</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>long-term outcomes</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>отдаленные исходы</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>新生儿</kwd><kwd>败血症</kwd><kwd>远期结局</kwd><kwd>康复</kwd><kwd>文献综述</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hayes R, Hartnett J, Semova G, et al. 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