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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1935</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1935</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TNXUYG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Derivatives of Mullerian ducts in a phenotypically male child with unilateral nonpalpable testis: a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дериваты мюллеровых протоков у фенотипически сформированного мальчика с односторонним непальпируемым яичком: клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>表型为男性且伴单侧不可触及睾丸男童的Müller管衍生物：临床病例</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-6105</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2872-7908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekimov</surname><given-names>Mikhail N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екимов</surname><given-names>Михаил Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ekimov</surname><given-names>Mikhail N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ekim1504@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-3629</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7466-8731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsap</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цап</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tsap</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>tsapna-ekat@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2966-2887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9411-6025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Svetlana Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Светлана Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Svetlana Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>urokom@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-7156</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6505-1442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshinov</surname><given-names>Maksim Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошинов</surname><given-names>Максим Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Timoshinov</surname><given-names>Maksim Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>simashinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2503-2508</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7630-8843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pigareva</surname><given-names>Anna E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пигарева</surname><given-names>Анна Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pigareva</surname><given-names>Anna E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>anna-pigareva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9, Yekaterinburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9, Екатеринбург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9, Yekaterinburg</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Yekaterinburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная детская клиническая больница, Екатеринбург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Yekaterinburg</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>415</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-29"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1935">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1935</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare disorder of sex differentiation characterized by the presence of a uterus, fallopian tubes, and a vaginal outgrowth of the urogenital sinus in boys with a 46,XY karyotype. One variant of persistence of Mullerian duct derivatives in a child with male external genitalia is the mosaic chromosomal anomaly 45,X/46,XY, which clinically manifests as an inguinal hernia or cryptorchidism. This article presents a rare clinical case of failure of Mullerian duct regression in a phenotypically male child with a unilateral nonpalpable testis. A 17-month-old boy was admitted electively to the surgical department of Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 in Yekaterinburg with left-sided nonpalpable testis syndrome. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a rudimentary uterus and left fallopian tube with a structure resembling an ovary. Postoperatively, the child underwent further evaluation (histopathological examination, hormonal status assessment, karyotyping, molecular genetic testing, and urethrocystoscopy). The clinical diagnosis was established as “disorder of sex development caused by chromosomal abnormality 45,X/46,XY, mixed gonadal dysgenesis.” In cases where persistent Mullerian ducts are detected intraoperatively, current practice is limited to biopsy of the abnormal gonad, urethrocystoscopy for visualization of the urogenital sinus, and, when possible, catheterization of the rudimentary uterus with a ureteral catheter to visualize its location in the pelvic cavity. For diagnostic confirmation, karyotype analysis, molecular genetic testing, hormonal profiling, and evaluation by a geneticist and endocrinologist are performed. The final decision regarding the child’s sex assignment, after all additional examinations, is made by a medical board in consultation with the parents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Синдром персистенции мюллеровых протоков — редкое нарушение дифференцировки пола, для которого характерно наличие у мальчика матки, маточных труб и влагалищного отростка урогенитального синуса при кариотипе 46,ХY. Одним из вариантов персистенции дериватов мюллеровых протоков у ребенка с мужским строением наружных половых органов является мозаичный вариант хромосомной аномалии 45,Х/46,ХY, клинически проявляется паховой грыжей или крипторхизмом. В статье представлен редкий клинический случай отсутствия регресса дериватов мюллеровых протоков у фенотипически сформированного мальчика с односторонним непальпируемым яичком. Мальчик 1 г. 5 мес. госпитализирован в хирургическое отделение Детской городской клинической больницы № 9 Екатеринбурга в плановом порядке с синдромом непальпируемого яичка слева. При выполнении диагностической лапароскопии обнаружена рудиментарная матка и левая маточная труба, с образованием, по структуре напоминающим яичник. В послеоперационном периоде ребенок дообследован (морфологическое исследование, гормональный статус, кариотип, молекулярно-генетический анализ, уретроцистоскопия). Установлен клинический диагноз: «Нарушение формирования пола, обусловленное хромосомной патологией 45,X/46,XY, смешанная дисгенезия гонад». В случае выявления интраоперационно персистирующих мюллеровых протоков в настоящее время ограничиваются биопсией аномальной гонады, уретроцистоскопией с целью визуализации урогенитального синуса и при возможности выполняют катетеризацию рудиментарной матки мочеточниковым катетером, для визуализации ее в полости малого таза. Далее для уточнения диагноза проводится анализ кариотипа, молекулярно-генетическое исследование, изучение гормонального фона, осмотр генетика и эндокринолога. Окончательное решение по определению пола ребенка после всех дополнительных обследований решается консилиумом врачей совместно с родителями.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>持续性Müller管综合征是一种罕见的性别分化异常，其特征是在核型46,XY的男童中仍保留子宫、 输卵管及来源于泌尿生殖窦的阴道憩室。在外生殖器表现为男性的患儿中，Müller管衍生物持续存在的一种变异形式为45,X/46,XY嵌合型染色体异常，临床可表现为腹股沟疝或隐睾。本文报道一例表型为男性、伴单侧不可触及睾丸且存在Müller管衍生物未退化的罕见病例。患者1岁5个月，因左侧不可触及睾丸择期入院于Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 in Yekaterinburg外科。诊断性腹腔镜检查发现残余子宫、左侧输卵管及一处形态类似卵巢的结构。术后进一步检查（组织学分析、激素水平评估、核型分析、分子遗传学检测及尿道膀胱镜检查）。最终确诊为»由45,X/46,XY染色体异常导致的性别发育异常，混合型性腺发育不良»。目前临床实践中，如术中发现Müller管残余，通常限于行异常性腺活检、尿道膀胱镜检查以显影泌尿生殖窦，并在可能情况下通过输尿管导管插入残余子宫，以便在盆腔内显影。随后为明确诊断，进行核型分析、分子遗传学检测、激素水平评估，并由遗传科和内分泌科医生检查。在完成所有补充检查后，儿童性别的最终确定由医生会诊并与父母共同决定。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>disorder of sex development</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd><kwd>Mullerian ducts</kwd><kwd>cryptorchidism</kwd><kwd>gonadal dysgenesis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушение формирования пола</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd><kwd>мюллеровы протоки</kwd><kwd>крипторхизм</kwd><kwd>дисгенезия гонад</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>性别发育异常</kwd><kwd>临床病例</kwd><kwd>Müller 管</kwd><kwd>隐睾</kwd><kwd>性腺发育不良</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Latyshev OYu, Sannikova ES, Samsonova LN, et al. 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