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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1910</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1910</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DKTLEQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Physiological Features of the Peritoneum in Non-Operative Treatment of Traumatic Splenic Ruptures in Children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиологические особенности брюшины при неоперативном лечении травматических разрывов селезенки у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>儿童脾脏创伤性破裂非手术治疗中腹膜的生理特征</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-0563</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7722-5010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podkamenev</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подкаменев</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Podkamenev</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vpodkamenev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-2735</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4885-4209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikalo</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикало</surname><given-names>Илья Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pikalo</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>pikalodoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-6681</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7914-7038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akudovich</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акудович</surname><given-names>Наталья Витальевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Akudovich</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>meloman00@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0665-8060</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7581-4258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Евгений Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>G57097@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-3520</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1153-3175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Nikolay I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Nikolay I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>mni.irk@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7516-7753</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8002-4206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapov</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапов</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sharapov</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>endoirk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">East Siberian Institutе of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">East Siberian Institutе of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская Ивано-Матренинская детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1910">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1910</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Traumatic splenic ruptures are typically associated with intraperitoneal hemorrhage and the formation of hemoperitoneum, which is presumed to initiate adhesion formation and the development of peritoneal adhesions.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics of intact peritoneum in the presence of hemoperitoneum and its role in adhesion formation.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A cohort study was conducted involving 103 pediatric patients with traumatic splenic rupture. Conservative treatment was applied in 91 (88.3%) children, who underwent serial ultrasound examinations to assess hemoperitoneum volume and resolution timing. Follow-up examinations were performed in 95 (92.2%) children within the first 6 months of life, in 38 (36.9%) aged 6 months to 3 years, and in 10 (9.7%) after the age of 3 years. The experimental part of the study was conducted on 18 Chinchilla rabbits. Hemoperitoneum was simulated by injecting 12–15 ml of autologous blood into the peritoneal cavity. Histological examination of the peritoneum was performed from day 1 to day 30.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The study provided new insights into the physiological properties of intact peritoneum in the presence of hemoperitoneum during nonoperative management of traumatic splenic ruptures in children. The phenomenon of spontaneous hemoperitoneum resorption was observed during nonoperative treatment of traumatic splenic ruptures in children, confirming the feasibility of eliminating intraperitoneal blood without surgical intervention. The median time to disappearance of ultrasound signs of hemoperitoneum was 7 [3; 9] days, with no significant age-related differences (<italic>H</italic> = 3.18; <italic>p</italic> = 0.2). A previously unrecognized property of the peritoneum was identified: as long as the mesothelium remains intact, hemoperitoneum does not lead to adhesion formation during nonoperative treatment of traumatic splenic ruptures in children. This anti-adhesive property of the peritoneum suggests the potential for primary prevention of adhesions in the setting of hemoperitoneum.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The study highlights the physiological characteristics of intact peritoneum in the presence of hemoperitoneum during conservative treatment of traumatic splenic rupture in children. From a physiological perspective, the intact peritoneum exhibits both anti-adhesive and resorptive properties. Follow-up of children undergoing nonoperative treatment for splenic rupture confirmed the absence of intraperitoneal adhesion formation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Травматические разрывы селезенки закономерно ассоциируются с кровотечением в свободную брюшную полость и образованием гемоперитонеума, который, как предполагается, инициирует формирование спаек с развитием спаечной болезни.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— изучение физиологических особенностей неповрежденной брюшины в условиях гемоперитонеума и его влияние на спайкообразование.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено когортное исследование с участием 103 пациентов с травматическим разрывом селезенки. Консервативное лечение получил 91 (88,3%) ребенок, у которых выполнена динамическая эхосонография для определения объема гемоперитонеума и сроков его исчезновения. Катамнестическое обследование в первые 6 мес. жизни проведено у 95 (92,2%) детей, в возрасте от 6 мес. до 3 лет — у 38 (36,9%), после 3 лет — у 10 (9,7%) пациентов. Экспериментальная часть работы выполнена на 18 кроликах породы шиншилла. Моделировали гемоперитонеум путем введения аутокрови в объеме 12–15 мл в полость брюшины. Гистологический анализ брюшины проводили в сроки от суток до 30 дней.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Проведенные исследования позволили получить новые знания о физиологических особенностях неповрежденной брюшины в условиях гемоперитонеума при консервативном ведении детей с травматическими разрывами селезенки. Установлено явление самопроизвольной резорбции гемоперитонеума в ходе неоперативного лечения детей с травматическими разрывами селезенки, что доказывает возможность устранения крови из брюшной полости без хирургического вмешательства. Сроки исчезновения эхосонографических признаков гемоперитонеума составили 7 [3; 9] дней и не зависели от возраста ребенка (<italic>H</italic> = 3,18; <italic>p</italic> = 0,2). Выявлено ранее неизвестное свойство брюшины, которое проявляется в том, что при сохранении целости мезотелия гемоперитонеум не вызывает образование спаек в результате неоперативного лечения детей с травматическими разрывами селезенки. Указанное антиадгезивное свойство брюшины показывает возможность первичной профилактики спайкообразования в условиях гемоперитонеума.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Проведенные исследования позволили изучить физиологические особенности интактной брюшины в условиях гемоперитонеума при неоперативном лечении детей с травматическими разрывами селезенки. С физиологических позиций неповрежденная брюшина в условиях гемоперитонеума обладает защитными антиадгезивными и резорбирующими свойствами. Катамнестическое наблюдение за детьми с неоперативным лечением разрывов селезенки доказывает отсутствие образования спаек брюшной полости.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证。</bold>脾脏创伤性破裂常伴有腹腔出血和血腹形成，据推测，血腹可能诱导粘连形成并导致粘连性疾病的发展。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>探讨血腹状态下完整腹膜的生理特性及其对粘连形成的影响。</p> <p><bold>方法。</bold>开展一项前瞻性队列研究，共纳入103例脾脏创伤性破裂患儿。其中91例（88.3%）接受了非手术治疗，并通过动态超声评估血腹的体积及其消退时间。对95例（92.2%）患儿在伤后6个月内进行随访， 38例（36.9%）随访至6个月至3年，10例（9.7%）随访超过3年。实验部分在18只Chinchilla品系兔上进行。 通过向腹腔注入12–15 ml自体血液模拟血腹模型。在1至30天内采集腹膜组织并进行组织学分析。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>本研究在对脾脏创伤性破裂患儿进行非手术治疗的过程中，获得了关于血腹状态下完整腹膜生理特性的新的认识。在对脾脏创伤性破裂患儿进行非手术治疗的过程中，确认了血腹可自发吸收的现象，这一发现证明无需外科干预亦可清除腹腔内积血。超声显示血腹的消退时间为7 [3; 9] 天， 且与患儿年龄无关（H = 3.18；p = 0.2）。在非手术治疗脾脏创伤性破裂患儿的过程中发现，腹膜具有此前未被描述的特性：在间皮保持完整的情况下，血腹不会导致粘连形成。这一抗粘连特性提示，在血腹状态下具备实现粘连形成初级预防的可能性。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>本研究在对儿童脾脏创伤性破裂进行非手术治疗的背景下，探讨了血腹状态下完整腹膜的生理特性。从生理学角度来看，完整腹膜在血腹状态下具有保护性的抗粘连和吸收特性。对接受非手术治疗的脾脏破裂患儿所开展的长期随访证实，其腹腔未发生粘连形成。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>splenic injury</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>hemoperitoneum</kwd><kwd>nonoperative treatment</kwd><kwd>peritoneal adhesions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>травма селезенки</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>гемоперитонеум</kwd><kwd>неоперативное лечение</kwd><kwd>спайки брюшной полости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>脾脏损伤</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>血腹</kwd><kwd>非手术治疗</kwd><kwd>腹腔粘连</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jannatdoust P, Valizadeh P, Amoukhteh M, et al. 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