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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1892</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1892</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A rare postoperative complication in the treatment of a child with congenital hydronephrosis: A case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Редкое послеоперационное осложнение при лечении ребенка с врожденным гидронефрозом: клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>先天性肾积水患儿术后罕见并发症：临床病例</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-7037</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7990-4317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzovleva</surname><given-names>Galina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузовлева</surname><given-names>Галина Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kuzovleva</surname><given-names>Galina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>dr.gala@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6731-3824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzganova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузганова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Luzganova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>luzganova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4451-856X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7575-8530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzganova</surname><given-names>Victoria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузганова</surname><given-names>Виктория Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Luzganova</surname><given-names>Victoria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>luzganova_v_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-8911</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6989-5041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rostovskaya</surname><given-names>Vera V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ростовская</surname><given-names>Вера Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rostovskaya</surname><given-names>Vera V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>rostovskaya_vera@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-6265</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9082-7118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvatynets</surname><given-names>Nikolay А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хватынец</surname><given-names>Николай Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khvatynets</surname><given-names>Nikolay А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>dr.khvatynets@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-0205</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9226-2200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Airyan</surname><given-names>Eduard K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айрян</surname><given-names>Эдуард Каренович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Airyan</surname><given-names>Eduard K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>edikayryan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1892">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1892</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital hydronephrosis is a common developmental anomaly typically diagnosed prenatally. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is considered the gold standard for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to its high success rate (93–98%) and low incidence of complications. However, hemorrhagic complications remain a concern, particularly in cases of abrupt reductions in intrapelvic pressure, inadequate hemostasis, or coagulopathy, and may be exacerbated by antifibrinolytic therapy. This report describes a clinical case of a male patient with prenatally diagnosed right-sided hydronephrosis, who underwent initial radiologic evaluation at the age of 4. Surgical treatment was recommended but declined by his parents. At age 6, the child was urgently hospitalized with recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. After stabilization and pain relief, ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and voiding cystourethrography confirmed the diagnosis of right-sided hydronephrosis and recurrent renal colic. Laparoscopic antevascular pyeloplasty was performed. On postoperative day 2, hemorrhagic urine output was observed through the drain, accompanied by pyelostomy dysfunction. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, was administered to manage hematuria, resulting in tamponade of the renal pelvis due to blood clot formation. A repeat laparoscopic procedure was required for clot evacuation and placement of additional drains. Subsequent recovery was favorable, with restoration of renal function and urinary drainage, and an uneventful postoperative course. This case underscores the importance of meticulous intraoperative hemostasis and adequate fluid therapy to prevent postoperative complications. The use of antifibrinolytics for gross hematuria following pyeloplasty requires an individualized approach due to the risk of intraluminal thrombosis, renal pelvis tamponade, and potential loss of renal function. In such cases, timely surgical intervention may help preserve renal function.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Врожденный гидронефроз — распространенный порок развития, диагностируемый пренатально. Лапароскопическая пиелопластика признана золотым стандартом в лечении пациентов с обструкцией пиелоуретрального сегмента благодаря ее высокой эффективности (93–98%) и низкой частоте осложнений. Однако кровотечения, возникающие в результате резкого снижения внутрилоханочного давления, недостаточного гемостаза или коагулопатий, остаются проблемой, особенно при использовании антифибринолитической терапии. В статье представлен клинический случай пациента с пренатально выявленным гидронефрозом справа, которому впервые рентгеноурологическое обследование было выполнено в возрасте 4 лет, предложено хирургическое лечение порока, от которого родители ребенка отказались. При госпитализации по экстренным показаниям в возрасте 6 лет в связи с повторяющимися болями в животе, рвотой, после стабилизации состояния и купирования болевого синдрома по данным проведенного ультразвукового исследования, компьютерной томографии с контрастированием, микционной цистографии установлен диагноз: «Гидронефроз справа, рецидивирующая почечная колика справа». Была выполнена лапароскопическая антевазальная пиелопластика справа. На вторые сутки после операции, на фоне отхождения по дренажу мочи с геморрагическим компонентом, отмечена дисфункция пиелостомы. Было принято решение о назначении транексамовой кислоты, обладающей антифибринолитическим свойством с целью купирования гематурии, что привело к тампонаде лоханки сгустками крови. В связи с этим потребовалось повторное хирургическое вмешательство — лапароскопическая ревизия, удаление сгустков из лоханки, установка дополнительных дренажей. В дальнейшем отмечена положительная динамика — восстановление функции почки и оттока мочи, гладкое течение послеоперационного периода. Приведенный случай подчеркивает важность тщательной интраоперационной коагуляции и адекватной инфузионной терапии для предотвращения осложнений. Применение антифибринолитиков при макрогематурии после пиелопластики требует индивидуального подхода, так как связано с риском внутрипросветного тромбообразования и тампонады лоханки и утраты функции почки. В случае развития подобных осложнений своевременное хирургическое вмешательство позволяет сохранить функцию органа.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>先天性肾积水是一种常见的发育性畸形，通常在产前即可被诊断。由于其高效性（93–98%）和低并发症发生率，腹腔镜肾盂成形术已被公认为治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的金标准。然而，在肾盂内压骤降、止血不充分或存在凝血障碍的情况下，术后出血仍是一项重要挑战，尤其在使用抗纤溶治疗时尤为明显。本文报道一例右侧先天性肾积水患儿的临床病例。该患儿产前已被诊断为肾积水， 4岁时首次接受泌尿系统X线检查，并被建议手术治疗，但家属当时拒绝。6岁时因反复腹痛和呕吐急诊入院，在病情稳定并缓解疼痛后，通过超声检查、增强CT和排尿性膀胱造影，确诊为“右肾积水，反复右侧肾绞痛”。随后进行了右侧腹腔镜下前血管型肾盂成形术。术后第2天，出现含血引流液和肾盂造口功能障碍。为控制肉眼血尿，使用了具有抗纤溶作用的氨甲环酸治疗，导致肾盂腔被血块填塞。因此进行了再次手术，包括腹腔镜下探查、清除血块并放置额外引流管。术后恢复良好，肾功能和尿液引流均恢复正常，术后过程顺利。该病例强调了术中彻底止血和充分液体治疗在预防并发症中的重要性。对于肾盂成形术后出现肉眼血尿的患者，使用抗纤溶药物应谨慎，因为其存在形成腔内血栓、肾盂填塞乃至肾功能丧失的风险。一旦出现此类并发症，及时的手术干预对器官功能的保留至关重要。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laparoscopic pyeloplasty</kwd><kwd>tranexamic acid</kwd><kwd>hematuria</kwd><kwd>renal pelvis tamponade</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лапароскопическая пиелопластика</kwd><kwd>транексамовая кислота</kwd><kwd>гематурия</kwd><kwd>тампонада лоханки</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>腹腔镜肾盂成形术</kwd><kwd>氨甲环酸</kwd><kwd>血尿</kwd><kwd>肾盂填塞</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Vemulakonda V, Yiee J, Wilcox DT. 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