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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1891</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A rare case of rectal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mimicking Crohn disease in a child</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Редкий случай воспалительной миофибробластической опухоли прямой кишки под маской болезни Крона у ребенка</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>直肠炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤误诊为克罗恩病的罕见病例报告</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4768-1539</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8703-3966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkova</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушкова</surname><given-names>Виктория Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Glushkova</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pedsurgspb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-3080</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3478-8606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская детская клиническая больница, д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>Shcherbakovaov@kidsfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-2263</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2853-5956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabrusskaya</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габрусская</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gabrusskaya</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>tatyanagabrusskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-0699</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7241-8029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabibullina</surname><given-names>Linara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабибуллина</surname><given-names>Линара Радиковна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khabibullina</surname><given-names>Linara R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская детская клиническая больница</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital</p></bio><email>Habibull.lin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-9112</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7052-0205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podkamenev</surname><given-names>Аleksey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подкаменев</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Podkamenev</surname><given-names>Аleksey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>av.podkamenev@gpmu.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-8150</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6046-6407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peredereev</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Передереев</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Peredereev</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>speredereev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-10"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1891">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1891</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare type of mesenchymal tumor, predominantly benign but with intermediate malignant potential. This article presents a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a child with an extremely rare localization of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the rectum (the fourth reported case worldwide), initially misdiagnosed as Crohn disease. A 4-year-old girl presented with diarrhea, blood, and mucus in stool. Examination revealed ulcerative pancolitis and a rectal mass, initially presumed to be of inflammatory origin. Treatment with mesalazine led to clinical improvement; however, follow-up endoscopy showed no significant regression. Therapy was escalated to topical and systemic budesonide, with a positive response, but symptoms recurred after glucocorticoid withdrawal, including ribbon-like feces and painful defecation. High fecal calprotectin levels persisted throughout the observation period. The condition was interpreted as a stricturing form of Crohn disease. Anti-TNF therapy (infliximab) initially led to clinical improvement, but the rectal mass continued to grow, with progressive anal canal stenosis. A decision was made to perform rectal resection with tumor excision. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Due to the overlapping clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and Crohn disease, differential diagnosis can be challenging, potentially delaying accurate diagnosis. In this case, a child with an extremely rare localization of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor successfully underwent radical surgery, resulting in favorable long-term outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Воспалительная миофибробластическая опухоль — это редкий тип мезенхимальных опухолей, преимущественно доброкачественных, с промежуточным биологическим потенциалом. В статье представлено описание клинического наблюдения успешного хирургического лечения ребенка с крайне редкой локализацией воспалительной миофибробластической опухоли в прямой кишке (четвертый случай в мировой литературе), изначально диагностированной как болезнь Крона. У девочки 4 лет с наличием диареи, крови и слизи в стуле при обследовании был выявлен эрозивный панколит и образование в прямой кишке, предположительно воспалительного генеза. После начала терапии месалазином отмечено улучшение состояния, но на контрольном эндоскопическом исследовании значимого изменения не выявлено. Терапия изменена на топические и системные препараты будесонида с положительным эффектом, но после отмены терапии глюкокортикостероидами у ребенка возобновились жалобы, появился лентовидный стул и болезненная дефекация. Высокие значения фекального кальпротектина отмечались в течение всего периода наблюдения. Состояние ребенка трактовалось как стриктурирующая форма болезни Крона. После начала анти-ФНО-терапии (инфликсимаб) состояние ребенка улучшилось, но выявлен рост образования в прямой кишке и прогрессирование стеноза в анальном канале. Принято решение о резекции прямой кишки с образованием. Патоморфологическое исследование установило генез образования как воспалительная миофибробластическая опухоль. Учитывая схожесть клинико-лабораторных и инструментальных проявлений воспалительной миофибробластической опухоли с болезнью Крона толстой кишки, возможны сложности при дифференциальной диагностике, приводящие к задержке верификации диагноза. В представленном клиническом наблюдении ребенку с воспалительной миофибробластической опухолью крайне редкой локализации удалось выполнить радикальную операцию с хорошими отдаленными результатами.</p> <p>зологии в детском возрасте.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤是一种罕见的间充质肿瘤，主要表现为良性，但具有中等生物学潜能。本文报道了一例成功手术治疗的儿童临床病例，该患儿罹患极为罕见的直肠炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤（全球文献报道仅第四例），最初被误诊为克罗恩病。 一名4岁女童因腹泻、便血及黏液便就诊。检查发现糜烂性全结肠炎及直肠占位，初步考虑为炎症性病变。使用美沙拉嗪治疗后，患者临床症状有所改善，但随访内镜检查未见病灶明显变化。后改用局部及全身性布地奈德治疗，取得良好效果。然而，在停用糖皮质激素后，患儿症状复发，出现带状大便及排便疼痛。观察期内，患者粪便钙卫蛋白水平持续升高，其病情被诊断为克罗恩病狭窄型。在应用抗TNF治疗（英夫利昔单抗）后，患儿临床症状改善，但直肠肿物继续增大，并且肛管狭窄加重。因此，决定行直肠肿物切除术。术后病理证实该病灶为炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤。由于炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床、实验室及影像学表现与克罗恩病高度相似，鉴别诊断可能存在困难，导致确诊延迟。在本临床病例中，患儿罹患极为罕见部位的炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤，成功实施了根治性手术，并获得了良好的远期疗效。本研究旨在提高儿童外科医生和胃肠病学专家对儿童炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤不同部位病变的认识，从而改善该罕见疾病的诊治水平。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>rectum</kwd><kwd>Crohn disease</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительная миофибробластическая опухоль</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>прямая кишка</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>直肠</kwd><kwd>克罗恩病</kwd><kwd>临床病例</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Suleymanova AM, Kachanov DYu, Imyanitov EN, et al. 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