<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EQSGOG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The use of indocyanine green navigation in the treatment of a choledochal cyst in a child</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Использование ICG-навигации при лечении кисты холедоха у ребёнка</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>胆总管囊肿患儿治疗中应用ICG导航技术</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-897X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3682-0832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Yury A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Юрий Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Yury A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>yuriherz@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-7600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4012-7120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhanski</surname><given-names>Alexander P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожанский</surname><given-names>Александр Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rozhanski</surname><given-names>Alexander P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>alexanderozhanski@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-6687</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4600-4071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarochkina</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарочкина</surname><given-names>Марина Валериевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Makarochkina</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>makarochkina@igodkb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-7384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapukhin</surname><given-names>Eduard V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапухин</surname><given-names>Эдуард Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sapukhin</surname><given-names>Eduard V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>sapukhin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-4468</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9210-5286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strashinsky</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Страшинский</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Strashinsky</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>leksus-642@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0340-1186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryakhina</surname><given-names>Anna O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряхина</surname><given-names>Анна Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ryakhina</surname><given-names>Anna O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>romahka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-0450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semshchikova</surname><given-names>Yulia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Съемщикова</surname><given-names>Юлия Павловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Semshchikova</surname><given-names>Yulia P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>jsemshikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education—a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования — филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education—a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-02"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1884">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1884</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In pediatric surgery, near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green has become widespread. This report presents a new approach for intraoperative identification of extrahepatic bile duct anatomy during laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection and hepatoduodenostomy formation in a pediatric patient. A 10-month-old girl presented with episodes of restlessness accompanied by vomiting. On prenatal ultrasound, a cystic lesion was detected in the hepatic portal region, and its presence was subsequently confirmed on postnatal imaging. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a Todani type Ib choledochal cyst measuring 2.2×1.6×1.6 cm. For intraoperative fluorescence navigation, indocyanine green (0.25 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 12 hours before surgery. The procedure consisted of laparoscopic cyst resection followed by hepatoduodenostomy creation. Operative time was 120 minutes. Fluorescence imaging clearly delineated the distal margin of the cyst within the pancreatic parenchyma and its proximal extent at the level of the common hepatic duct. Enteral feeding was initiated on postoperative day 2. No intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperatively, the patient showed improvement, with decreased bilirubin levels and liver enzyme activity. No evidence of anastomotic leakage was found during early follow-up. Hospital stay was 7 days. At 6 months of follow-up, the patient had no clinical or laboratory signs of obstructive jaundice or cholangitis. In conclusion, fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green is a safe and highly informative method for intraoperative identification and resection of a choledochal cyst.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В детской хирургии широкое распространение получила методика флуоресцентной визуализации с применением индоцианина зелёного в ближнем инфракрасном спектре. В данной работе представлен новый подход к интраоперационному определению анатомии внепечёночных желчных путей в ходе лапароскопического удаления кисты холедоха и наложения гепатикодуоденостомы у пациента детского возраста. При госпитализации в хирургический стационар у девочки 10 месяцев наблюдались приступы беспокойства, которые сопровождались рвотой. Ещё на этапе пренатальной диагностики с помощью ультразвукового исследования в области печёночных ворот было выявлено кистозное образование, наличие которого впоследствии подтвердилось при послеродовых обследованиях. Результаты компьютерной томографии с контрастированием и МР-холангиопанкреатографии позволили диагностировать кисту холедоха типа Ib (классификация Todani) размерами 2,2×1,6×1,6 см. С целью интраоперационной флуоресцентной навигации за 12 ч до хирургического вмешательства пациенту внутривенно ввели индоцианин зелёный в дозировке 0,25 мг/кг. Вмешательство заключалось в лапароскопической резекции кистозного образования с последующим формированием гепатикодуоденоанастомоза. Общая продолжительность операции достигла 120 мин. Флуоресцентная визуализация обеспечила чёткое определение дистальной границы кисты в паренхиме поджелудочной железы, а также её проксимального отдела на уровне общего печеночного протока. Переход к энтеральному питанию был осуществлен на вторые сутки после операции. Интраоперационных осложнений зафиксировано не было. В послеоперационном периоде отмечена положительная динамика в виде снижения уровня билирубина и активности печёночных ферментов. Признаков несостоятельности сформированного анастомоза в раннем периоде наблюдения не выявлено. Срок госпитализации составил 7 дней. При наблюдении в течение 6 мес. у пациента отсутствовали клинические и лабораторные признаки обструктивной желтухи и холангита. Таким образом, применение флуоресцентной визуализации с индоцианином зелёным является безопасным и высокоинформативным способом интраоперационной идентификации и резекции кисты общего желчного протока.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在儿童外科手术中，吲哚菁绿近红外荧光成像技术已得到广泛应用。本研究针对一名儿童患者在腹腔镜下实施胆总管囊肿切除术并建立肝管十二指肠吻合术的过程中，提出了一种用于术中胆道外解剖结构辨识的新方法。该10月龄女婴入院时表现为阵发性躁动并伴有呕吐症状。早在产前超声检查阶段，就已于肝门区发现囊性病变，产后复查进一步证实该病变存在。增强计算机断层扫描及磁共振胰胆管造影结果显示，患者患有Todani分型Ib型的胆总管囊肿（尺寸2.2×1.6×1.6厘米）。为实施术中荧光导航，术前12小时经静脉注射0.25毫克/千克剂量的吲哚菁绿。手术采用腹腔镜术式切除囊肿后构建肝管十二指肠吻合口。总时长达120分钟。荧光成像技术清晰显示了囊肿远端在胰腺实质内的边界及其近端在肝总管水平的解剖位置。术后第二天开始转为肠内营养。术中没有记录到任何并发症。术后恢复期观察到积极趋势，表现为胆红素水平下降及肝酶活性降低。术后早期观察期间未发现吻合口不愈合的迹象。住院时间为7天。在为期6个月的观察期内，患者未出现梗阻性黄疸及胆管炎的临床与实验室特征。因此，应用吲哚菁绿荧光成像技术是一种安全且信息量丰富的术中胆总管囊肿识别与切除方法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>indocyanine green</kwd><kwd>ICG-navigation</kwd><kwd>choledochal cyst</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индоцианин зелёный</kwd><kwd>ICG-навигация</kwd><kwd>киста холедоха</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>吲哚菁绿</kwd><kwd>ICG导航</kwd><kwd>胆总管囊肿</kwd><kwd>腹腔镜手术</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>临床病例</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Miyano T, Yamataka A, Kato Y, et al. Hepaticoenterostomy after excision of choledochal cyst in children: a 30-year experience with 180 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1996;31(10):1417–1421. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90843-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>de Vries JS, de Vries S, Aronson DC, et al. Choledochal cysts: age of presentation, symptoms, and late complications related to Todani’s classification. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37(11):1568–1573. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2002.36186</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Davenport M, Betalli P, D’Antiga L, et al. The spectrum of surgical jaundice in infancy. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38(10):1471–1479. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(03)00498-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Madadi-Sanjani O, Wirth TC, Kuebler JF, et al. Choledochal cyst and malignancy: A plea for lifelong follow-up. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2019;29(2):143–149. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1615275</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Stewart HL, Birch DJS. Fluorescence guided surgery. Method Appl Fluoresc. 2021;9(4). doi: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac1dbb</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Paraboschi I, De Coppi P, Stoyanov D, et al. Fluorescence imaging in pediatric surgery: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. J Pediatr Surg. 2021;56(4):655–662. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Alghoul H, Al Farajat F, Alser O, et al. Intraoperative uses of near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopy in pediatric surgery: A systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(6):1137–1144. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.039</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Esposito C, Corcione F, Settimi A, et al. Twenty-five year experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pediatric population-from 10 mm clips to indocyanine green fluorescence technology: long-term results and technical considerations. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2019;29(9):1185–1191. doi: 10.1089/lap.2019.0254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Onishi S, Yamada K, Murakami M, et al. Co-injection of bile and indocyanine green for detecting pancreaticobiliary maljunction of choledochal cyst. Eur J Pediatr Surg Rep. 2022;10(1):e127–e130. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1747913</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Ko JW, Choi SH, Kwon SW, Ko KH. Robot-assisted hepatectomy and complete excision of the extrahepatic bile duct for type IV-A choledochal cysts. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(12):5626–5627. doi: 10.1007/s00464-016-4923-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Santore MT, Deans KJ, Behar BJ, et al. Laparoscopic hepaticoduodenostomy versus open hepaticoduodenostomy for reconstruction after resection of choledochal cyst. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2011;21(4):375–378. doi: 10.1089/lap.2010.0478</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Moslim MA, Takahashi H, Seifarth FG, et al. Choledochal cyst disease in a Western Center: A 30-year experience. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;20(8):1453–1463. doi: 10.1007/s11605-016-3181-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ohi R, Yaoita S, Kamiyama T, et al. Surgical treatment of congenital dilatation of the bile duct with special reference to late complications after total excisional operation. J Pediatr Surg. 1990;25(6):613–617. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(90)90346-b</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Farello GA, Cerofolini A, Rebonato M, et al. Congenital choledochal cyst: video-guided laparoscopic treatment. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1995;5(5):354–358.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Razumovsky AYu, Degtyareva AV, Kulikova NV, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for biliary tract malformations in children. Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care. 2012;2(1):19–24. EDN: OZPIMF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Razumovski AYu, Degtyareva AV, Uskova NG, et al. Endosurgical treatment of chole ductus lesions in children. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2014;(1):59–65. EDN: SFCGVR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Meehan JJ, Elliott S, Sandler A. The robotic approach to complex hepatobiliary anomalies in children: preliminary report. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(12):2110–2114. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.08.040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Tan HL, Shankar KR, Ford WD. Laparoscopic resection of type I choledochal cyst. Surg Endosc. 2003;17(9):1495. doi: 10.1007/s00464-003-4502-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Liem NT, Pham HD, Vu HM. Is the laparoscopic operation as safe as open operation for choledochal cyst in children? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2011;21(4):367–370. doi: 10.1089/lap.2010.0375</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Liem NT, Pham HD, Dung LA, et al. Early and intermediate outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for choledochal cysts with 400 patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2012;22(6):599–603. doi: 10.1089/lap.2012.0018</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kim JH, Choi TY, Han JH, et al. Risk factors of postoperative anastomotic stricture after excision of choledochal cysts with hepaticojejunostomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12(5):822–828. doi: 10.1007/s11605-007-0415-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Yeung F, Chung PHY, Wong KK, Tam PK. Biliary-enteric reconstruction with hepaticoduodenostomy following laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst is associated with better postoperative outcomes: a single-centre experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015;31(2):149–153. doi: 10.1007/s00383-014-3648-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ieiri S, Murakami M, Baba T, et al. Technical tips concerning laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cyst in children with a focus on secure anastomosis for small hepatic ducts. Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg. 2019;4:20. doi: 10.21037/ales.2019.02.03</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Esposito C, Alberti D, Settimi A, et al. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using RUBINA™ technology: preliminary experience in two pediatric surgery centers. Surg Endosc. 2021;35(11):6366–6373. doi: 10.1007/s00464-021-08596-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Calabro KA, Harmon CM, Vali K. Fluorescent cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the use in pediatric patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2020;30(5):586–589. doi: 10.1089/lap.2019.0204</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Hirayama Y, Iinuma Y, Yokoyama N, et al. Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography with indocyanine green for biliary atresia. Real-time imaging during the Kasai procedure: a pilot study. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015;31(12):1177–1182. doi: 10.1007/s00383-015-3799-4</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
