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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1851</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1851</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sternal osteitis after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination: a case series</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>БЦЖ-остит грудины у детей: серия клинических наблюдений</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>胸骨BCG骨炎儿童病例：临床观察系列</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-123X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9042-5092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stalmakhovich</surname><given-names>Viktor N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стальмахович</surname><given-names>Виктор Н.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Stalmakhovich</surname><given-names>Victor N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>Stal.irk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-1298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyukov</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюков</surname><given-names>Андрей А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dyukov</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>duk.hir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4069-2258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teschuk</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тещук</surname><given-names>Роман А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Teschuk</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>teschuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk Regional Children’s Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk Regional Children’s Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>531</fpage><lpage>540</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1851">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1851</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been in use around the world for the prevention of tuberculosis since 1921. Unfortunately, this vaccine is associated with the risk of various complications. Post-BCG osteitis is one of the most serious complications. Our observations show that the sternum is the most common site.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim of the paper is to increase the medical community’s awareness and knowledge of such a rare but serious disease as post-BCG osteitis. This paper may be of interest to various specialists, as most patients do not seek primary medical care from a surgeon.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </bold>In 2009–2023 in Surgery Department No. 2 of the Irkutsk regional children’s clinical hospital, 8 children with post-BCG sternal osteitis were treated, which is 29.63% of all cases of post-BCG osteitis of various sites. Six patients were male and two were female. The mean age of patients was 9.12 months (range: 5 to 14 months). Prior to surgical treatment, one child was diagnosed with a fistula that formed an extensive wound surface on the anterior chest wall. All children underwent multispiral computed tomography of the chest as the main preoperative diagnostic modality. As an additional diagnostic modality, ultrasound of the soft tissues overlying a tumor-like formation on the anterior surface of the chest wall was performed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>In 7 out of 8 cases, the diagnosis was based on a set of clinical and epidemiological criteria. Histology and cytology of surgical specimens were performed to confirm the diagnosis. In one case, the diagnosis was fully confirmed by molecular genetic methods. Radical necrectomy was the main surgical treatment option. Based on histological and cytological data, children with confirmed post-BCG osteitis were referred to a tuberculosis clinic for specific chemotherapy. The surgeon’s follow-up examinations showed no recurrence of the disease.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold><italic> </italic>Post-BCG osteitis is one of the rarest and most serious complications of tuberculosis vaccination. Early radical surgery and specific treatment result in 100% complete recovery of children.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> C 1921 г. во всем мире в качестве противотуберкулезной иммунизации успешно применяется вакцина БЦЖ (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin — бацилла Кальметта–Герена). К сожалению, при использовании данной вакцины существуют риски развития различных осложнений. БЦЖ-остит — одно из редких и наиболее грозных осложнений. Согласно нашим наблюдениям, наиболее частая локализация данной патологии — грудина.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — повысить осведомленность и знание медицинского сообщества о таком редком, но серьезном заболевании, как БЦЖ-остит. Данная статья может представлять интерес для специалистов различного профиля, так как за первичной медицинской помощью пациенты в большинстве случаев обращаются не к хирургу.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В период с 2009 по 2023 гг. в условиях хирургического отделения № 2 Детской областной клинической больницы г. Иркутска было пролечено 8 детей с БЦЖ-оститом грудины, что составляет 29,63 % от всех случаев с БЦЖ-оститами различных локализаций. Шесть пациентов были мужского пола, двое — женского. Средний возраст пациентов составил 9,12 мес. (от 5 до 14 мес.). До проведения оперативного лечения у одного ребенка было выявлено осложнение в виде свища с формированием обширной раневой поверхности на передней грудной стенке. В качестве основного метода диагностики на дооперационном этапе всем детям выполняли мультиспиральную компьютерную томографию органов грудной клетки. Ультразвуковое исследование мягких тканей над опухолевидным образованием на передней поверхности грудной стенки использовали в качестве дополнительного метода диагностики.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> На основании комплекса клинико-эпидемиологических критериев диагноз был выставлен в 7 из 8 случаев. С целью верификации диагноза производили гистологическое и цитологическое исследование операционного материала. В одном случае диагноз был полностью верифицирован молекулярно-генетическим методом. Радикальная некрэктомия была основным методом хирургического этапа лечения. По результатам гистологического и цитологического исследований, при подтвержденном диагнозе БЦЖ-остита, детей направляли в туберкулезный диспансер с целью проведения специфической химиотерапии. На контрольных осмотрах хирургом рецидива заболевания не было.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> БЦЖ-остит — одно из наиболее редких и грозных осложнений противотуберкулезной вакцинации. Своевременное радикальное хирургическое и специфическое лечение в 100 % случаев приводит к полному выздоровлению ребенка.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>背景。</bold>自1921年以来，BCG疫苗作为抗结核免疫的重要手段已在全球范围内广泛应用。然而，这种疫苗的使用存在引发各种并发症的风险，其中 BCG骨炎 是一种罕见但极具威胁性的并发症。据观察，胸骨是该病最常见的发生部位之一。</p> <p>研究目的。提高医学界对 BCG骨炎 这种罕见但严重疾病的认识和了解。该文章对多学科医生具有重要意义，因为大多数患者初次就诊时并非直接寻求外科医生的帮助。</p> <p><bold>材料与方法。</bold>2009年至2023年间，在伊尔库茨克儿童地区临床医院外科二科共治疗 8例胸骨BCG骨炎病例，占所有BCG骨炎病例的 29.63%。患者特征性别: 6名男性，2名女性；平均年龄: 9.12个月（范围为5至14个月）。术前诊断主要方法：多排螺旋CT（MSCT）胸部检查；软组织超声检查（补充诊断）。在手术前，1例患者出现并发症，表现为胸前壁瘘管及广泛创面。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>根据临床和流行病学标准，在 8例患者中，7例 确诊为 BCG骨炎。确诊方法：术后组织学及细胞学检查；1例通过分子遗传学方法完全验证诊断。手术治疗方法：根治性清创术 <bold>为主要手术方式。</bold>术后管理：确诊为 BCG骨炎 后，患者被转至结核病防治中心接受特异性化疗。随访结果：未发现疾病复发。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>BCG骨炎 是抗结核疫苗接种中最罕见但最严重的并发症之一。及时的 根治性手术治疗 和 特异性化疗 可在 100% 的病例中实现完全康复。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anti-tuberculosis vaccination</kwd><kwd>post-BCG sternal osteitis</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>противотуберкулезная вакцинация</kwd><kwd>БЦЖ-остит грудины</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>抗结核疫苗接种</kwd><kwd>胸骨BCG骨炎</kwd><kwd>手术治疗</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaganath D, Beaudry J, Salazar-Austin N. 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