<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1803</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Follow-up study On timing, clinical manifestations, predictors of re-inflammation of the appendix, and choice of treatment tactics in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Катамнестическое исследование сроков, клинических проявлений, предикторов повторного воспаления червеобразного отростка и выбор лечебной тактики у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>随访研究：儿童阑尾炎复发的时间、临床表现、预测因素及治疗策略选择</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-0994</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1297-5052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blandinski</surname><given-names>Valer F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бландинский</surname><given-names>Валерий Федорович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>oblandinskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-8229</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7733-0628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Сергей Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>sokolov_sergey@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-8702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4192-9595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>Anastasia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>nastena.kislova.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-0445</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7354-7379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchedrov</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щедров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>shedrov.dmitry@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-1125</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3091-9851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereznyak</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березняк</surname><given-names>Игорь Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>berigan-20@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-2493</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5222-2889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovkin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговкин</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>lugovkin.a@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8235-2861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornienko</surname><given-names>Kristina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корниенко</surname><given-names>Кристина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kristinakor02@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>333</fpage><lpage>346</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-29"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1803">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1803</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>:<bold> </bold>Reports of successful conservative treatment of acute appendicitis in children demonstrate the effectiveness of primary treatment in 89%–97% of cases. Data for evaluating outcomes with a follow-up period of more than 5 years are available.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to develop techniques for the follow-up observation of children after regression of inflammation in the appendix and for re-inflammation by establishing the prevailing timing and possible predictors of relapse.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study was based on the results of a follow-up observation of 92 patients who had previously received medical care until October 2023 because of an episode of inflammation in the appendix with regression. The disease was diagnosed using the pediatric appendicitis score and ultrasound. Thirteen children underwent appendectomy without therapy. Conservative treatment was performed in eight patients, which was ineffective in four (50%) of them, who also required appendectomy.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The patients were divided into two main groups: with relapse of inflammation in the appendix (20 patients, 21.7%) and without relapse (72 children, 78.2%). The relapse rate was 21.7% (20 of 92 children), cumulative disease-free survival was 49.3 ± 8.6%, and surgical-free survival was 54.3 ± 8.7%. A comparative analysis of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic data obtained during the first episode of inflammation did not reveal reliable predictors of relapse (p &gt; 0.28). The duration of observation in patients without relapse ranged from 1 to 74 months (median: 36 [LQ 25; UQ 54] months). In 25 (34.7%) of them, the observation was interrupted owing to reaching the age of 18 years, over a follow-up period from 1 to 70 months (26 [LQ 15; UQ 38] months).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold><bold> </bold>Data demonstrate a relatively low occurrence of relapses of inflammation of the appendix after effective conservative treatment. The study did not reveal any significant predictors of an increased risk of relapse. Conservative therapy for recurrent inflammation can be conducted; however, it is less effective than for the primary episode.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Сообщения об успешном консервативном лечении острого аппендицита у детей в течение последних 10 лет демонстрируют эффективность первичного лечения в 89–97 % наблюдений. Имеются данные, позволяющие оценивать результаты с длительностью наблюдения более 5 лет.</p> <p>Цель — разработать тактику при катамнестическом наблюдении за детьми после регресса воспаления в червеобразном отростке и при повторном воспалении путем установления преобладающих сроков и возможных предикторов рецидива.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Основу работы составили результаты катамнестического наблюдения, по данным на октябрь 2023 г., за 92 пациентами, получавшими ранее медицинскую помощь в связи с эпизодом воспаления в червеобразном отростке c регрессией. Диагностику осуществляли на основании шкалы PAS (Pediatric appendicitis score) и ультразвукового исследования. Аппендэктомия без терапии выполнена 13 детям. У 8 пациентов проведено консервативное лечение, оказавшееся неэффективным у 4 (50 %) из них, что также потребовало аппендэктомии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Пациенты были распределены в две основные группы: с рецидивом воспаления в червеобразном отростке (20 пациентов, 21,7 %) и без рецидива (72 пациента, 78,2 %). Частота рецидивов составила 21,7 % (20 из 92 детей), кумулятивная безрецидивная выживаемость — 49,3 ± 8,6 %, безоперационная выживаемость — 54,3 ± 8,7 %. Анализ клинико-лабораторных и ультрасонографических данных, полученных при первом эпизоде воспаления, не выявил достоверных предикторов рецидива (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0,28). Длительность наблюдения у пациентов без рецидива составила от 1 до 74 мес. (медиана 36, интерквартильный размах [25-й процентиль — 25, 75-й процентиль — 54] мес.), у 25 (34,7 %) из них наблюдение было прервано в связи с достижением возраста 18 лет на сроке от 1 до 70 мес. (26 [15; 38] мес.).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Представленные данные демонстрируют относительно невысокую долю рецидивов воспаления червеобразного отростка после эффективно проведенного консервативного лечения. Не выявлено значимых предикторов повышенного риска рецидива. Консервативное лечение при рецидиве воспаления червеобразного отростка может быть проведено, однако является менее эффективным, чем при первичном эпизоде.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>现实性。在过去10年中，有关儿童急性阑尾炎成功保守治疗的报道显示，初始治疗的有效性在89%至97%之间。现有数据表明，可以对观察时间超过5年的结果进行评估。</p> <p>目的。制定策略，在阑尾炎症消退后和反复炎症的情况下，通过确定复发的主要时间和可能的预测因素来监测儿童的双体性监测。</p> <p>材料和方法。本研究的基础是截至2023年10月对92名曾因阑尾炎发作而接受过医疗帮助的患者进行的随访观察。这些患者的炎症已得到缓解。诊断采用儿童阑尾炎评分（PAS）和超声检查。13名儿童接受了不带治疗的阑尾切除术。8名患者进行了保守治疗，但其中4名（50%）效果不佳，最终也进行了阑尾切除术。</p> <p>结果。患者分为两组：复发阑尾炎的患者20名（21.7%）和未复发的患者72名（78.2%）。复发率为21.7%（92名儿童中的20名），累计无复发生存率为49.3±8.6%，无手术生存率为54.3±8.7%。对首次发作时的临床、实验室和超声数据分析未发现显著的复发预测因素（p &gt; 0.28）。无复发患者的观察时间从1个月到74个月不等（中位数为36个月，四分位差[25%分位数为25，75%分位数为54]）。其中25名（34.7%） 患者因达到18岁而终止观察，观察时间从1个月到70个月不等（中位数为26个月[15; 38]）。</p> <p>结论。上述数据显示，在有效实施保守治疗后，阑尾炎复发的比例相对较低。未发现显著的复发风险预测因素。尽管在阑尾炎复发时可以进行保守治疗，但其效果不及首次发作时的治疗效果。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>appendicitis</kwd><kwd>regression</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аппендицит</kwd><kwd>регресс воспаления</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>лечебная тактика</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>阑尾炎</kwd><kwd>炎症缓解</kwd><kwd>复发</kwd><kwd>治疗策略</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McBurney C. Experiences with early operative interference in cases of disease of the vermiform appendix. New York Medical Journal. 1889;50:1676–1684.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McBurney C. Experiences with early operative interference in cases of disease of the vermiform appendix // New York Medical Journal. 1889. Vol. 50. P. 1676–1684.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurin NN, Slobodchuk JuS, Gavrilov JuF. On the effectiveness of conservative treatment of patients with acute appendicitis on ships at sea. Bulletin of Surgery. 1992;5:144–150. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гурин, Н.Н., Слободчук Ю.С., Гаврилов Ю.Ф. Об эффективности консервативного лечения больных с острым аппендицитом на судах в море // Вестник хирургии. 1992. № 5. С. 144–150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison PW. Appendicitis and the antibiotics. Am J Surg. 1953;85(2):160–163. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(53)90476-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison P.W. Appendicitis and the antibiotics // Am J Surg. 1953. Vol. 85, N 2. P. 160–163. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(53)90476-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coldrey E. Five years of conservative treatment of acute appendicitis. J Int Col Surg. 1959;32:255–261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coldrey E. Five years of conservative treatment of acute appendicitis // J Int Coll Surg. 1959. Vol. 32. P. 255–261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilms IM, de Hoog DE, de Visser DC, Janzing HM. Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD008359. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008359.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilms I.M., de Hoog D.E., de Visser D.C., Janzing H.M. Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011. N 11. P. CD008359. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008359.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harnoss JC, Zelienka I, Probst P, et al. Antibiotics versus surgical therapy for uncomplicated appendicitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Ann Surg. 2017;265(5):889–900. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harnoss J.C., Zelienka I., Probst P., et al. Antibiotics versus surgical therapy for uncomplicated appendicitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials // Ann Surg. 2017. Vol. 265, N 5. P. 889–900. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salminen P, Tuominen R, Paajanen H, et al. Five-year follow-up of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in the APPAC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(12):1259–1265. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.13201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salminen P., Tuominen R., Paajanen H., et al. Five-year follow-up of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in the APPAC randomized clinical trial // JAMA. 2018. Vol. 320, N 12. P. 1259–1265. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.13201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Society of Surgeons”, Russian Society of Endoscopic Surgeons. Acute appendicitis in adults: clinical recommendations. Moscow: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 2017. 51 p. [cited 2004 July 3]. Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/325_2. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Общероссийская общественная организация «Российское общество хирургов», Российское общество эндоскопических хирургов. Острый аппендицит у взрослых: клинические рекомендации. Москва: Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2017. 51 с. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/325_2. Дата обращения: 03.07.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipsey MR, O’Donnell B. Conservative management of appendix mass in children. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1985;67(1):23–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shipsey M.R., O’Donnell B. Conservative management of appendix mass in children // Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1985. Vol. 67, N 1. P. 23–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillick J, Velayudham M, Puri P. Conservative management of appendix mass in children. Br J Surg. 2001;88(11):1539–1542. doi: 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01912.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillick J., Velayudham M., Puri P. Conservative management of appendix mass in children // Br J Surg. 2001. Vol. 88, N 11. P. 1539–1542. doi: 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01912.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svensson JF, Almstrom M, Naji H, et al. Nonoperative treatment with antibiotics versus surgery for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2015;261:67–71. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000835</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svensson J.F., Almstrom M., Naji H., et al. Nonoperative treatment with antibiotics versus surgery for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: A pilot randomized controlled trial // Ann Surg. 2015 Vol. 261 P. 67–71. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000835</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minneci PC, Mahida JB, Lodwick DL, et al. Effectiveness of patient choice in nonoperative vs surgical management of pediatric uncomplicated acute appendicitis. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(5):408–415. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minneci P.C., Mahida J.B., Lodwick D.L., et al. Effectiveness of patient choice in nonoperative vs surgical management of pediatric uncomplicated acute appendicitis // JAMA Surg. 2016. Vol. 151, N 5. P. 408–415. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4534</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Georgiou R, Eaton S, Stanton MP, et al. Efficacy and safety of nonoperative treatment for acute appendicitis: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2017;139(3):e20163003. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Georgiou R., Eaton S., Stanton M.P., et al. Efficacy and safety of nonoperative treatment for acute appendicitis: a meta-analysis // Pediatrics. 2017. Vol. 139, N 3. P. e20163003. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang L, Yin Y, Yang L, et al. Comparison of antibiotic therapy and appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(5):426–434. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0057</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang L., Yin Y., Yang L., et al. Comparison of antibiotic therapy and appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a meta-analysis // JAMA Pediatr. 2017. Vol. 171, N 5. P. 426–434. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0057</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diakonova EYu. Comments by E.Yu. Dyakonova to the article “Effectiveness of patient choice in nonoperative vs surgical management of pediatric uncomplicated acute appendicitis”. Current Pediatrics (Moscow). 2016;15(1):111. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v15i1.1508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дьяконова Е.Ю. Комментарии Е.Ю. Дьяконовой к статье «Эффективность выбора пациентом между консервативным и хирургическим способом лечения неосложненного острого аппендицита у детей» // Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2016. T. 15, № 1. C. 109–111. EDN: VLMFRX doi: 10.15690/vsp.v15i1.1508</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patkova B, Svenningsson A, AlmstrÖm M, et al. Nonoperative treatment versus appendectomy for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: Five-year follow up of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Ann Surg. 2020;271(6):1030–1035. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003646</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patkova B., Svenningsson A., AlmstrÖm M., et al. Nonoperative treatment versus appendectomy for acute nonperforated appendicitis in children: Five-year follow up of a randomized controlled pilot trial // Ann Surg. 2020. Vol. 271, N 6. P. 1030–1035. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003646</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiner Z, Gilad Y, Gutermacher M, et al. Acute appendicitis in children: Reexamining indications for conservative treatment — A large prospective analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(10):373–379. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiner Z., Gilad Y., Gutermacher M., et al. Acute appendicitis in children: Reexamining indications for conservative treatment — A large prospective analysis // J Pediatr Surg. 2022. Vol. 57, N 10. P. 373–379. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blandinskiy VF, Sokolov SV, Anfinogenov AL, et al. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic criteria for inflammation of the appendix and its regression in children. Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2023;27(4):254–260. EDN: YLYCPV doi: 10.55308/1560-9510-2023-27-4-254-260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бландинский В.Ф., Соколов С.В., Анфиногенов А.Л., и др. Клинико-лабораторные и ультрасонографические критерии воспаления в червеобразном отростке слепой кишки и его регрессии у детей // Детская хирургия. 2023. Т. 27, № 4. С. 254–260. EDN: YLYCPV doi: 10.55308/1560-9510-2023-27-4-254-260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samuel M. Pediatric appendicitis score. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37(6):877–881. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2002.32893</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samuel M. Pediatric appendicitis score // J Pediatr Surg. 2002. Vol. 37, N 6. P. 877–881. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2002.32893</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isakov YF, Stepanov EA, Dronov AF. Acute appendicitis in childhood. Moscow: Meditsina; 1980. 192 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исаков Ю.Ф., Степанов Э.А. Дронов А.Ф. Острый аппендицит в детском возрасте. Москва: Медицина, 1980. 192 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich JT, Neely JG, Paniello RC, et al. A practical guide to understanding Kaplan–Meier curves. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;143(3):331–336. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich J.T., Neely J.G., Paniello R.C., et al. A practical guide to understanding Kaplan–Meier curves // Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010. Vol. 143, N 3. P. 331–336. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bachur RG, Lipsett SC, Monuteaux MC. Outcomes of nonoperative management of uncomplicated appendicitis. Pediatrics. 2017;140(1):e20170048. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-0048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bachur R.G., Lipsett S.C., Monuteaux M.C. Outcomes of nonoperative management of uncomplicated appendicitis // Pediatrics. 2017. Vol. 140, N 1. P. e20170048. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-0048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eriksson S, Granström L. Randomized controlled trial of appendicectomy versus antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis. Br J Surg. 1995;82(2):166–169. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800820207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eriksson S., Granström L. Randomized controlled trial of appendicectomy versus antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis // Br J Surg. 1995. Vol. 82, N 2. P. 166–169. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800820207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartwich J, Luks FI, Watson-Smith D, et al. Nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis in children: A feasibility study. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(1):111–116. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartwich J., Luks F.I., Watson-Smith D., et al. Nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis in children: A feasibility study // J Pediatr Surg. 2016. Vol. 51, N 1. P. 111–116. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haxhirexha K, Dogjani A, Zylbehari L, Dika-Haxhirexha F. Misdiagnosed appendicitis in children. Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2018;2(2):99–104. doi: 10.32391/ajtes.v2i2.14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haxhirexha K., Dogjani A., Zylbehari L., Dika-Haxhirexha F. Misdiagnosed appendicitis in children // Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2018. Vol. 2, N. 2. P. 99–104. doi: 10.32391/ajtes.v2i2.14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galai T, Beloosesky OZ, Scolnik D, et al. Misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis in children attending the emergency department: the experience of a large, tertiary care pediatric hospital. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2017;27(2):138–141. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galai T., Beloosesky O.Z., Scolnik D., et al. Misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis in children attending the emergency department: the experience of a large, tertiary care pediatric hospital // Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2017. Vol. 27, N 2. P. 138–141. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang YJ, Chao HC, Kong MS, et al. Misdiagnosed acute appendicitis in children in the emergency department. Chang Gung Med J. 2010;33(5):551–557.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y.J., Chao H.C., Kong M.S., et al. Misdiagnosed acute appendicitis in children in the emergency department // Chang Gung Med J. 2010. Vol. 33, N 5. P. 551–557.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sippola S, Haijanen J, Viinikainen L, et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction at 7-year follow-up of antibiotic therapy vs appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2020;155(4):283–289. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.6028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sippola S., Haijanen J., Viinikainen L., et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction at 7-year follow-up of antibiotic therapy vs appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial // JAMA Surg. 2020. Vol. 155, N 4. P. 283–289. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.6028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whyte C, Tran E, Lopez ME, et al. Outpatient interval appendectomy after perforated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43(11):1970–1972. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.04.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whyte C., Tran E., Lopez M.E., et al. Outpatient interval appendectomy after perforated appendicitis // J Pediatr Surg. 2008. Vol. 43, N 11. P. 1970–1972. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.04.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuhrer AE, Sukhotnik I, Ben-Shahar Y, et al. Predictive value of Alvarado score and pediatric appendicitis score in the success of nonoperative management for simple acute appendicitis in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2021;31(1):95–101. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuhrer A.E., Sukhotnik I., Ben-Shahar Y., et al. Predictive value of Alvarado score and pediatric appendicitis score in the success of nonoperative management for simple acute appendicitis in children // Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2021. Vol. 31, N 1. P. 95–101. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loftus TJ, Brakenridge SC, Croft CA, et al. Successful nonoperative management of uncomplicated appendicitis: predictors and outcomes. J Surg Res. 2018;222:212–218e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.10.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loftus T.J., Brakenridge S.C., Croft C.A., et al. Successful nonoperative management of uncomplicated appendicitis: predictors and outcomes // J Surg Res. 2018. Vol. 222. P. 212–218e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.10.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macco S, Vrouenraets BC, de Castro SM. Evaluation of scoring systems in predicting acute appendicitis in children. Surgery. 2016;160(6):1599–1604. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.06.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macco S., Vrouenraets B.C., de Castro S.M. Evaluation of scoring systems in predicting acute appendicitis in children // Surgery. 2016. Vol. 160, N. 6. P. 1599–1604. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.06.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morrow SE, Newman KD. Current management of appendicitis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16(1):34–40. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morrow S.E., Newman K.D. Current management of appendicitis // Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007. Vol. 16, N. 1. P. 34–40. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decker E, Ndzi A, Kenny S, Harwood R. Systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of non-operative management with early operative management of simple appendicitis in children after the covid-19 pandemic. J Pediatr Surg. 2023;59(6):1050–1057. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.12.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Decker E., Ndzi A., Kenny S., Harwood R. Systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of non-operative management with early operative management of simple appendicitis in children after the COVID-19 pandemic // J Pediatr Surg. 2023. Vol. 59, N 6. P. 1050–1057. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.12.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
