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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Scale of severity of congenital clubfoot by the degree of rigidity of foot deformity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Шкала степени тяжести врожденной косолапости по степени ригидности деформации стоп</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>根据足部畸形的刚性程度评估先天性足内翻畸形的严重程度分级</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4381-8340</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2721-5113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Максим Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>footdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>359</fpage><lpage>368</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-02"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1799">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1799</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: To date, the development of scales and classification systems for congenital clubfoot mainly involves determining the severity of clinical symptoms of foot pathology. However, it does not provide a quantitative assessment of the degree of rigidity of the foot deformity. The use of a scale that determines the foot stiffness index allows individualized long-term treatment plan for each patient.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to develop a severity scale for congenital clubfoot based on the determination of the foot rigidity index.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> Before treatment, 229 children (350 feet) with typical congenital clubfoot who were treated with the Ponseti method underwent a clinical dynamometric examination. Then, the foot rigidity index was calculated. The number of plaster casts required to eliminate foot deformities in patients with congenital clubfoot of I–II, III, and IV degrees was determined. The Spearman rank method was used to establish correlations between clinical and dynamometric indicators for congenital clubfoot. P &lt; 0.05 indicated significant differences.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A retrospective analysis of the treatment of children with congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method revealed that fewer plaster casts are required in correcting a mild deformity than in correcting a severe deformity, and a lower index of foot rigidity is noted in mild than in severe congenital clubfoot. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify the criterion “foot stiffness index,” which had the most number of strong correlations between the studied signs with a high statistical significance (p = 0.001). Considering the initial index of foot rigidity, three forms of congenital clubfoot were identified: mobile, rigid, and extremely rigid. The mobile form included a deformity with a rigidity index ≤0.2. The rigid form included a deformity with a foot rigidity index of 0.21–0.3. In an extremely rigid deformity, the foot rigidity index exceeds 0.31.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> The foot rigidity index is a criterion that provides a qualitative characteristic of the condition of the foot in patients with congenital clubfoot. Based on the initial foot rigidity index, congenital clubfoot can be classified as mobile, rigid, or extremely rigid.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Разработанные к настоящему времени шкалы и классификации врожденной косолапости основаны, в большинстве своем, на определении выраженности клинических симптомов патологии стопы, что не позволяет дать количественную оценку степени ригидности деформации стопы. Шкала, основанная на определении индекса ригидности стопы, дает возможность индивидуализировать долгосрочный план лечения каждого пациента.</p> <p>Цель — разработать шкалу степени тяжести врожденной косолапости на основе определения индекса ригидности стопы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Перед началом лечения 229 детей (350 стоп) с типичной врожденной косолапостью по методу Понсети было проведено клинико-динамометрическое обследование с последующим математическим расчетом индекса ригидности стопы. Определено количество гипсовых повязок у пациентов с врожденной косолапостью I–II, III и IV степени, потребовавшихся для устранения деформации стоп. При установлении корреляционных связей между клинико-динамометричекими показателями при врожденной косолапости был использован ранговый метод Спирмена. Различия считали достоверными при <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Ретроспективный анализ лечения детей с врожденной косолапостью по методу Понсети выявил закономерность: для устранения легкой степени деформации требуется меньшее количество гипсовых повязок, чем для коррекции тяжелой степени, а врожденная косолапость легкой степени имеет более низкий индекс ригидности стопы, чем при тяжелой степени. Проведенный корреляционный анализ Спирмена позволил выявить критерий «индекс ригидности стопы», который имеет наибольшее количество сильных корреляционных связей между изучаемыми признаками с высокой степенью статистической значимости (<italic>р</italic> = 0,001). С учетом исходного индекса ригидности стопы было выделено три формы врожденной косолапости: мобильная, ригидная и крайне ригидная. К мобильной форме врожденной косолапости можно отнести деформацию, при которой индекс ригидности не превышает 0,2. К ригидной форме врожденной косолапости относится деформация с индексом ригидности стопы от 0,21 до 0,3. При крайне ригидной деформации индекс ригидность стопы превышает значение 0,31.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Индекс ригидности стопы является критерием, дающим качественную характеристику состояния стопы при врожденной косолапости. По исходному индексу ригидности стопы мы можем разделить врожденную косолапость на три формы: мобильную, ригидную и крайне ригидную.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>现实性。目前开发的先天性足内翻畸形的分级和分类主要基于对足部病变临床症状的评估，这使得难以对足部畸形的刚性程度进行定量评估。基于足部刚性指数的分级方法能够为每位患者制定个性化的长期治疗方案。</p> <p>目的。基于足部刚性指数开发先天性足内翻畸形的严重程度分级。</p> <p>材料和方法。在治疗229名（350只脚）典型先天性足内翻畸形儿童之前，采用Ponseti方法进行了临床动力学检查，并随后计算了足部刚性指数。确定了I–II、III和IV级先天性足内翻畸形患者消除足部畸形所需的石膏数量。在分析先天性足内翻畸形的临床动力学指标之间的相关关系时，采用了Spearman等级相关法。差异在p &lt; 0.05时被认为是显著的。</p> <p>结果。对儿童先天性马蹄内翻足的Ponseti治疗方法的回顾性分析发现了一些规律：矫正轻度畸形所需的石膏绷带数量少于矫正重度畸形的数量，而轻度先天性马蹄内翻足的脚部刚性指数低于重度畸形。通过Spearman相关分析，识别出了“脚部刚性指数”这一标准，其在研究特征之间有着较强的相关性，并且具有很高的统计显著性（p = 0.001）。根据初始的脚部刚性指数，先天性马蹄内翻足被分为三种形式：可动型、刚性型和极刚性型。可动型马蹄内翻足的刚性指数不超过0.2；刚性型的刚性指数在0.21到0.3之间；极刚性型的刚性指数则超过0.31。</p> <p>结论。脚部刚性指数是评估先天性马蹄内翻足状态的重要标准。根据初始的脚部刚性指数，我们可以将先天性马蹄内翻足分为三种类型：可动型、刚性型和极刚性型。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital clubfoot</kwd><kwd>scale</kwd><kwd>degree of deformity</kwd><kwd>deformity rigidity</kwd><kwd>foot rigidity index</kwd><kwd>Ponseti method</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденная косолапость</kwd><kwd>шкала</kwd><kwd>степень деформации</kwd><kwd>ригидность деформации</kwd><kwd>индекс ригидности стопы</kwd><kwd>метод Понсети</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>先天性马蹄内翻足</kwd><kwd>量表</kwd><kwd>畸形程度</kwd><kwd>畸形刚性</kwd><kwd>脚部刚性指数</kwd><kwd>Ponseti法</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baindurashvili AG, Solov’yova KS, Zaletina AV, Lapkin YuA. 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