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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1797</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1797</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rigidity of foot deformity in congenital clubfoot: foot stiffness index</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ригидность деформации стоп при врожденной косолапости. Индекс ригидности стопы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>先天性马蹄内翻足的足部畸形僵硬。足部僵硬指数</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4381-8340</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2721-5113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Максим Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>footdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1797">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1797</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic> A unified system for assessing the severity of congenital clubfoot in newborns and young children worldwide remains to be established. “Rigidity” of foot deformity refers to the degree of “resistance” of foot tissues during manual correction of elements of the deformity and is often used in subjective severity of foot deformity assessment. However, there is no objective quantitative assessment for the degree of foot rigidity.</p> <p><italic>AIM:</italic><bold> </bold>The study aimed to introduce a novel clinical sign — ”rigidity of foot deformation”, which enables objective assessment of the severity of foot deformity in congenital clubfoot.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic> Before applying the first plaster cast, a clinical dynamometric examination was performed on 350 feet of 229 children, followed by a mathematical calculation of the foot rigidity index. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic>-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Differences were considered significant at <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05.</p> <p><italic>RESULTS:</italic> Significant differences were found in all clinical and dynamometric parameters between congenital clubfoot of I–II, III, and IV degrees (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05). Generally, the higher the degree of deformity, the more effort required to eliminate it, the smaller angle of simultaneous correction, and the higher index of foot rigidity. The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis of clinical dynamometric examination indicators in children with congenital clubfoot of I–II degree may indicate the mobile nature of the foot deformity; III degree, a rigid version of the deformity; and IV degree, an extremely rigid degree of deformity.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic> Rigidity of the foot deformity is a crucial clinical sign that characterizes the severity of the foot deformity, which has a quantitative characteristic — the rigidity index. Initial data on foot rigidity enables objective assessment of the severity of the deformity and selecting an individual approach to its elimination when applying staged plaster casts using the Ponseti method.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. До настоящего времени в мире не существует единой системы оценки степени тяжести врожденной косолапости у новорожденных и детей раннего возраста. Классификации, объективно учитывающие ригидность деформации стоп и степень «податливости» тканей к редрессирующим усилиям, отсутствуют. Однако термин «ригидность» деформации стоп часто используют при субъективной оценке степени выраженности деформации стоп, вкладывая в его смысл степень «сопротивления» тканей стопы при ручной коррекции элементов деформации. При этом отсутствует объективная количественная оценка степени ригидности стопы.</p> <p>Цель<bold> </bold>—<bold> </bold>ввести новый клинический признак — «ригидность деформации стоп», который позволит объективно оценить тяжесть деформации стоп при врожденной косолапости.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Перед наложением первой гипсовой повязки у 229 детей на 350 стопах было выполнено клинико-динамометрическое обследование с последующим математическим расчетом индекса ригидности стопы. Статистический анализ производили при помощи непараметрического <italic>U</italic>-критерия Манна – Уитни, коэффициента ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Различия считали достоверными при <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,05.</p> <p>Результаты. При сравнении всех клинико-динамометрических показателей между врожденной косолапостью I– IV степени получены статистически значимые отличия (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0,05). Отмечается общая тенденция для пациентов с врожденной косолапостью независимо от степени тяжести: чем выше степень деформации, тем больше необходимо приложить усилий для ее устранения, тем меньше угол одномоментной коррекции и тем выше индекс ригидности стопы. Результаты корреляционного анализа Спирмена показателей клинико-динамометрического обследования у детей при врожденной косолапости I–II степени указывают на мобильный характер деформации стоп, при III степени — на ригидный вариант деформации, а при IV степени — на крайне ригидную степень деформации.</p> <p>Заключение. Ригидность деформации стопы — это достаточно важный клинический признак, характеризующий степень выраженности деформации стопы, который имеет количественную характеристику — индекс ригидности. Определение степени ригидности перед началом лечения имеет важное практическое значение. Исходные данные ригидности стопы позволяют объективно оценить степень тяжести деформации и подобрать индивидуальный подход к ее устранению при наложении этапных гипсовых повязок по методу Понсети.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>现实意义。迄今为止，世界上还没有一个统一的系统来评估新生儿和幼儿先天性马蹄内翻足的严重程度。目前还没有客观考虑足部畸形的僵硬程度和组织对矫正力的“柔韧”程度的分类方法。然而，足部畸形的“僵硬度”一词通常用于主观评估足部畸形的严重程度，其含义是指在手动矫正畸形元素时足部组织的“阻力”程度。同时，足部僵硬程度没有客观的量化评估。</p> <p>本研究旨在引入一种新的临床体征——“足部畸形僵硬度”，从而使客观评估先天性马蹄内翻足部畸形的严重程度成为可能。</p> <p>材料与方法。在使用第一个石膏绷带之前，对229名儿童的350只脚进行了临床和动力检查，然后用数学方法计算了脚的僵硬指数。统计分析采用非参数Manna WhitneyU标准和Spearman等级相关系数。 当p &lt; 0.05时，差异被认为是可靠的。</p> <p>结果。在比较I-IV度先天性马蹄内翻足之间的所有临床和动力参数时，获得了具有统计学意义的差异（p ≤ 0.05）。无论严重程度如何，先天性马蹄内翻足患者都有一个普遍的趋势：畸形程度越高，矫正所需的努力越大，单阶段矫正角度越小，足部僵硬指数越高。对Ⅰ-Ⅱ度先天性马蹄内翻足患儿的临床和动力检查参数进行斯皮尔曼相关性分析的结果表明，足部畸形具有活动性，Ⅲ度为僵硬型畸形，Ⅳ度为极度僵硬型畸形。</p> <p>结论。足部畸形的僵硬度是一个相当重要的临床表现，它是足部畸形严重程度的特征。这一体征有一个定量特征--僵硬指数。在开始治疗前确定僵硬程度具有重要的实际意义。根据足部僵硬度的初步数据，我们可以客观地评估畸形的严重程度，并在按照Ponseti方法进行阶段性石膏固定时， 选择个性化的方法来消除畸形。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital clubfoot</kwd><kwd>degree of deformity</kwd><kwd>rigidity of deformity</kwd><kwd>rigidity index</kwd><kwd>Ponseti method</kwd><kwd>orthopedics</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденная косолапость</kwd><kwd>степень деформации</kwd><kwd>ригидность деформации</kwd><kwd>индекс ригидности стопы</kwd><kwd>метод Понсети</kwd><kwd>ортопедия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>先天性马蹄内翻足</kwd><kwd>畸形程度</kwd><kwd>畸形僵硬度</kwd><kwd>足部僵硬度指数</kwd><kwd>Ponseti法</kwd><kwd>矫形</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrov VV, Kochenov AG. 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