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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1786</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1786</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Preoperative fasting for elective surgery in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предоперационное голодание при плановых хирургических вмешательствах у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>儿童计划手术治疗中的术前禁食。文献综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-4813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2225-1630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrovich</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрович</surname><given-names>Юрий Станиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Aleksandrovich</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>Jalex1963@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-5296</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8423-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenisnov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшениснов</surname><given-names>Константин Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pshenisnov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>Psh_K@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4695-610X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shorakhmedov</surname><given-names>Shoakmal Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шорахмедов</surname><given-names>Шоакмал Шоанварович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shorakhmedov</surname><given-names>Shoakmal Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sshoraxmedovs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ташкентскоий педиатрический медицинский институт</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>228</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1786">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1786</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review investigated preoperative fasting in children who need elective surgical interventions. Fifty publications included in the abstract databases PubMed and elibrary for the period from 2017 to 2023 were reviewed. For the analysis, we used articles on the effect of preoperative fasting on indicators of the cardiovascular system and water and carbohydrate metabolism and assessed the course of the perioperative period depending on the duration of refusal of solid food and liquids before surgery. The article presents historical information that formed the basis for the modern paradigm of refusal of solid food and liquids in the preoperative period, especially the negative consequences of prolonged refusal of food in the preoperative period, indicating the main ones, namely, euglycemic ketosis and ketoacidosis, which are common in children. Hypoglycemia due to food refusal before surgery is rare and is not a serious problem in most patients, except in children in the first year of life. In most cases, it has been demonstrated that the time of preoperative fasting significantly exceeds the recommended intervals and amounts to more than 10 hours, and &gt;75% of patients experience a strong feeling of hunger. Infusion of dextrose solutions has not been found to reduce feelings of hunger and thirst before surgery. An increase in preoperative fasting time is often associated with improper organization of the process (35.1%), an increase in surgical time (34.1%), and surgical plan changes (20.9%). It is noted that the optimal volume of liquid that a child can drink before surgery is &lt;3 ml/kg. Data indicates that preoperative fasting can cause arterial hypotension after induction of anesthesia, at the stage of preparing the surgical field. It has been demonstrated that a residual gastric volume of &gt;1.25 ml/kg is a risk factor for aspiration during the induction of anesthesia.<bold> </bold>There is currently no convincing evidence of the negative effect of preoperative fasting on treatment outcome; however, clearly, the time to abandon clear liquids before elective surgery in children should be minimal.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор посвящен анализу проблемы предоперационного голодания у детей, нуждающихся в плановых хирургических вмешательствах. В работу включено 50 публикаций, входящих в реферативные базы данных PubMed и eLibrary за период с 2017 по 2023 г. Для анализа использовали статьи, посвященные влиянию предоперационного голодания на показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы, водного и углеводного обменов, оценено течение периоперационного периода в зависимости от длительности отказа от твердой пищи и жидкости перед операцией. В статье представлены исторические сведения, явившиеся основанием для современной парадигмы отказа от твердой пищи и жидкости в предоперационном периоде, особое внимание уделено негативным последствиям длительного отказа от пищи в предоперационном периоде, продемонстрировано, что основным из них является эугликемический кетоз и кетоацидоз, что особенно характерно для детей раннего возраста. Гипогликемия на фоне отказа от пищи перед операцией встречается крайне редко и не представляет серьезную проблему для большинства пациентов, за исключением детей первого года жизни. Продемонстрировано, что в большинстве случаев время предоперационного голодания значительно превышает рекомендуемые интервалы и составляет более 10 ч, при этом сильное чувство голода испытывают более 75 % пациентов. Указано, что инфузия растворов декстрозы не уменьшает чувств голода и жажды перед операцией. Увеличение времени предоперационного голодания чаще всего связано с неправильной организацией процесса (35,1 %), увеличением времени операций у других пациентов (34,1 %) и изменениями плана выполнения хирургических вмешательств (20,9 %). Отмечено, что оптимальный объем жидкости, который может выпить ребенок перед операцией, должен быть менее 3 мл/кг. Представлены данные, свидетельствующие, что предоперационное голодание может стать причиной развития артериальной гипотензии после индукции анестезии, на этапе подготовки операционного поля. Продемонстрировано, что остаточный объем желудка более 1,25 мл/кг является фактором риска аспирации на этапе индукции анестезии. Убедительные доказательства отрицательного влияния предоперационного голодания на исход лечения в настоящее время отсутствуют, однако несомненно, что время отказа от прозрачных жидкостей перед плановым хирургическим вмешательством у детей должно быть минимальным.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>这篇综述分析了需要进行计划手术的儿童术前禁食的问题。本综述包括PubMed和e-Library参考文献数据库收录的50篇出版物，时间跨度为2017年至2023年。为了进行分析，使用了专门讨论术前禁食对心血管系统参数、水和碳水化合物代谢影响的文章。本文评估了围手术期的进程取决于手术前拒绝固体食物和液体的持续时间。本文介绍了一些历史数据，这些数据是现代术前拒食固体食物和液体范例的基础。特别关注术前长期拒食的负面影响。已经证实，优生酮症和酮症酸中毒是主要的病症，这在幼儿中尤为常见。手术前拒食导致的低血糖症极为罕见，对大多数患者来说都不会造成严重问题，但出生后第一年的儿童除外。事实证明，在大多数情况下，术前禁食时间大大超过了建议的时间间隔，超过了10个小时，75%以上的患者会有强烈的饥饿感。研究表明，输注葡萄糖溶液并不能减轻术前的饥饿感和口渴感。术前禁食时间的增加最常与手术组织不当（35.1%）、其他患者手术时间增加（34.1%）和手术执行计划改变（20.9%）。有研究指出，儿童术前的最佳饮水量应少于3毫升/千克。数据显示，术前禁食可导致麻醉诱导后在手术野准备阶段出现动脉低血压。研究表明，残胃容量超过 1.25毫升/千克是麻醉诱导过程中发生吸入的风险因素。目前尚无确凿证据表明术前禁食会对手术结果产生负面影响。不过，儿童在计划手术前应尽量避免进食清流质食物。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preoperative fasting</kwd><kwd>anesthesia</kwd><kwd>hypoglycemia</kwd><kwd>ketoacidosis</kwd><kwd>dehydration</kwd><kwd>pediatrics</kwd><kwd>elective surgery</kwd><kwd>outcome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предоперационное голодание</kwd><kwd>анестезия</kwd><kwd>гипогликемия</kwd><kwd>кетоацидоз</kwd><kwd>дегидратация</kwd><kwd>педиатрия</kwd><kwd>плановая хирургия</kwd><kwd>исход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>术前禁食</kwd><kwd>麻醉</kwd><kwd>低血糖</kwd><kwd>酮症酸中毒</kwd><kwd>脱水</kwd><kwd>儿科</kwd><kwd>择期手术</kwd><kwd>结果</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green SM, Mason KP, Krauss BS. 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