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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">One-stage reconstruction of four fingers in children using microsurgical autotransplantation of foot tissue complexes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Одноэтапное восстановление 4 пальцев кисти у детей методом микрохирургической аутотрансплантации комплексов тканей стоп</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>通过显微外科自体移植足部组织复合物，分阶段修复儿童手部的4个手指</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-8979</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8360-8078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golyana</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голяна</surname><given-names>Сергей Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Golyana</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>ser.golyana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Turner Scientific Research Institute for Children’s Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Turner Scientific Research Institute for Children’s Orthopedics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>475</fpage><lpage>490</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1562">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1562</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic> Toe-to-hand transfer is still the most promising and relevant method for restoring fingers that are missing from birth or after injury. In cases requiring the restoration of two or more digits, simultaneous transplantation of tissue complexes from both feet, including one or two toes, is possible and necessary. Thus, a maximum of four fingers can be restored during one operation. Such operations, according to the literature, are performed extremely rarely because they are very extensive and time-consuming.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic> To present the results of simultaneous microsurgical autotransplantation of four toes to the hand in children with congenital and acquired pathologies.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>: </italic>The study used clinical, radiological, and biomechanical methods to assess the results of nine patients with congenital and acquired upper limb deformities who underwent simultaneous microsurgical autotransplantation of two tissue complexes from each foot, including toes II–III. The indications for performing this method of microsurgical reconstruction in children with the absence of four (or all five) fingers have been determined. The results, postoperative complications, and conditions of the donor and recipient zones were analyzed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic> To date, 914 such operations have been performed in children. In nine cases, four toes were simultaneously transplanted (two from each foot). The average age of the patients was 4.2 years. Two children had congenital malformations of the hand, and seven had consequences of trauma. In eight cases, fingers II–V were restored, and in one case, fingers I–IV were restored. Complications associated with impaired blood circulation in the grafts were observed in 22% of the cases; however, they were temporary. All transplanted grafts survived. All patients required continued surgical treatment after the toe transfer to improve their appearance and function. Biomechanical examination methods showed complete restoration of function on average of 4 months (±1 month) after surgery.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold><italic>:</italic> This study showed the possibility and effectiveness of using toes for hand transfer in children with both congenital and acquired hand pathologies that require the restoration of four fingers. Simultaneous microsurgical transplantation of toes ensures the restoration of a good appearance of the hand and its functionality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. По-прежнему наиболее перспективным и актуальным методом восстановления отсутствующих с рождения или после травмы пальцев кисти является микрохирургическая аутотрансплантация пальцев стоп. В случаях необходимости восстановления 2 и более пальцев возможна и необходима одновременная пересадка комплексов тканей с обеих стоп, включающих 1 или 2 пальца. Таким образом, в ходе одной операции возможно произвести реконструкцию максимально 4 пальцев кисти. Такие операции, по данным литературы, производятся крайне редко, поскольку являются очень трудоемкими и длительными.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — представить результаты опыта одномоментной микрохирургической аутотрансплантации 4 пальцев стоп на кисть у детей с врожденной и приобретенной патологией.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. С помощью клинического, рентгенологического, биомеханического методов проведена оценка результатов лечения 9 пациентов с врожденными и приобретенными деформациями верхней конечности, которым была выполнена одномоментная микрохирургическая аутотрансплантация двух комплексов тканей с каждой стопы, включающих II–III пальцы. Определены показания к выполнению данного метода микрохирургической реконструкции у детей с отсутствием 4 (или всех 5) пальцев кисти, проведен анализ результатов, послеоперационных осложнений, оценка состояния донорской и реципиентной зон.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Из 914 аутотрансплантаций пальцев стоп на кисть у детей, произведенных в отделении реконструктивной микрохирургии и хирургии кисти, в 9 случаях произведена одномоментная пересадка 4 пальцев (с каждой стопы по два). Средний возраст пациентов составил 4,2 года. Два ребенка были с врожденными пороками развития кисти и 7 — с последствиями травмы. В 8 случаях производили восстановление II–V пальцев кисти и в одном случае — I–IV пальцев. Осложнения, связанные с нарушением кровообращения в трансплантатах, наблюдали в 22 %, но они были временными. Все пересаженные трансплантаты прижились. Всем пациентам потребовалось продолжение хирургического лечения после пересадки пальцев с целью улучшения их внешнего вида и функции. Биомеханические методы обследования показали полное восстановление их функции в среднем через 4 мес. (±1 мес.) после операции.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Проведенное исследование показало возможности и эффективность применения данной операции у детей как с врожденной, так и с приобретенной патологией кисти при необходимости восстановления 4 пальцев. Одномоментная микрохирургическая пересадка пальцев стоп обеспечивает восстановление хорошего внешнего вида кисти и ее функциональных возможностей.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。目前足趾显微外科自体移植仍然是修复出生后或外伤后缺失手指的最有前途和最实用的方法。 在需要修复2个或更多足趾的情况下，同时移植双脚的组织复合物（包括1个或2个足趾）是可能的，也是必要的。因此，在一次手术过程中最多可以重建手部的4个手指。根据文献记载，这种手术很少进行，因为手术非常耗费人力和时间。</p> <p><bold>目的</bold>。本研究旨在展示在先天性和后天性病变的儿童中，通过显微外科手术将4个足足趾自体移植到手部的经验成果。</p> <p><bold>材料和方法</bold>。通过临床、X线、生物力学等方法，对9例先天性和后天性上肢畸形患者进行一次显微外科自体移植，每足2个组织复合体累及Ⅱ~Ⅲ指的治疗结果进行评价。确定了对手部缺失四指（或全部五指）的儿童实施这种显微外科重建方法的适应症；分析了结果、术后并发症以及对供体和受体区域的评估。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。在修复显微外科和手外科进行的914例儿童手部足趾自体移植手术中， 9例进行了4个足趾 （每个脚两个）的单阶段移植。患者的平均年龄为4.2岁。两名患儿的手部有先天性畸形，7名患儿的手部有外伤。8例手部II~V指修复,1例手部I~IV指修复。22%的移植物出现了与循环障碍相关的并发症，但这些并发症都是暂时的。所有移植的移植物都存活了下来。所有患者在手指移植后都需要继续接受手术治疗，以改善外观和功能。生物力学检查方法显示，他们在术后平均4个月（±1个月）就完全恢复了功能。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。这项研究表明，对于患有先天性和后天性手部病变的儿童，在需要恢复4个足趾时，使用这种手术的可能性和有效性都很高。一次显微外科足趾移植手术可恢复手部的良好外观和功能。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microsurgical autotransplantation</kwd><kwd>toe-to-hand transfer</kwd><kwd>congenital hand deformity</kwd><kwd>consequence of injury</kwd><kwd>hand surgery</kwd><kwd>finger reconstruction</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрохирургическая аутотрансплантация</kwd><kwd>пересадка пальцев</kwd><kwd>врожденная деформация кисти</kwd><kwd>последствие травмы</kwd><kwd>хирургия кисти</kwd><kwd>восстановление пальцев</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>显微外科自体手指移植</kwd><kwd>手指移植</kwd><kwd>先天性手部畸形</kwd><kwd>创伤后遗症</kwd><kwd>手部手术</kwd><kwd>手指重建</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvedovchenko IV, Kol’tsov AA. 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