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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2219-4061</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6554</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1560</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic1560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental modeling of necrotic enterocolitis: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Варианты экспериментального моделирования некротического энтероколита: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>坏死性小肠结肠炎实验模型的变体：文献综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-1353</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1966-0239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Severinov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северинов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Severinov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>dmitriy.severinov.93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-7412</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1170-1189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipatov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липатов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lipatov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>drli@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-1862</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2730-4515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilyuk</surname><given-names>Vassili P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилюк</surname><given-names>Василий Петрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gavrilyuk</surname><given-names>Vassili P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.) , Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.) , Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>wvas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-7835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katerinaivanovarus@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>513</fpage><lpage>524</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1560">https://rps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1560</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial disease of unspecified etiology. The lack of data on etiological factors and the complexity of pathogenetic mechanisms determine the complexity of NEC modeling. The authors involved in the study of the pathogenesis of NEC and the development of current treatments seek to model in the experiment the conditions that occur in clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the options for the experimental modeling of neonatal NECs described in the public domain. Thus, more than 50 relevant scientific publications in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus (publishers Elsevier), and eLibrary (from 2000 to 2022) were reviewed. This paper describes the most current methods of modeling NEC, including <italic>in vitro</italic> (using cells and cell cultures), <italic>in vivo</italic> (in laboratory animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs), and <italic>ex vivo</italic> (using cadaver material) experiments.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Некротический (некротизирующий) энтероколит (НЭК) новорожденных — многофакторное заболевание неуточненной этиологии. Отсутствие данных об этиологическом факторе и сложность патогенетических механизмов обусловливают сложности моделирования этого заболевания. Авторы, занимающиеся вопросами изучения патогенеза НЭК, разработкой актуальных методов лечения, стремятся смоделировать в эксперименте те условия, которые имеют место в клинической практике. Цель работы — анализ вариантов экспериментального моделирования НЭК новорожденных, описанных в открытом доступе. Для этого проведено исследование более 50 значимых научных публикаций по соответствующей тематике таких баз данных, как Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus (издательства Elsevier), eLibrary (с 2000 по 2022 г.). В данной работе описаны актуальные методы моделирования НЭК в эксперименте, в том числе <italic>in vitro</italic> (с использованием клеток и клеточных культур), <italic>in vivo</italic> (на лабораторных животных, таких как мыши, крысы, кролики, свиньи), <italic>ex vivo </italic>(с использованием кадаверного материала). Каждый из указанных вариантов моделирования имеет различные задачи и, соответственно, отражает лишь часть патогенеза НЭК или типичных для него морфологических проявлений в стенке кишечной трубки, но не дает полной картины течения заболевания. В статье также подробно описана методика авторского моделирования НЭК в эксперименте на неполовозрелых кроликах лапароскопическим доступом, основанная на субсерозном введении повреждающего раствора в кишечную стенку.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）是一种病因不明的多因素疾病。由于缺乏有关病因的数据以及发病机制的复杂性，很难为这种疾病建立模型。从事NEC发病机制研究、实际治疗方法开发的作者努力在实验中模拟临床实践中发生的条件。这项工作的目的是分析公开领域中描述的新生儿坏死性小肠结肠实验模型的各种变体。为此，我们对Google Scholar、PubMed、Scopus（出版商爱思唯尔）、 eLibrary（2000年至2022年）等数据库中相关主题的50多篇重要科学出版物进行了研究。 本文介绍了在实验中模拟坏死性小肠结肠的实际方法，包括体外（使用细胞和细胞培养物）、体内 （实验动物，如小鼠、大鼠、兔子、猪）和体外（使用尸体材料）。每种建模方法都有不同的目的，因此只能反映坏死性小肠结肠的部分发病机制或其在肠管壁上的典型形态表现，而不能完整地反映疾病的过程。文章还详细介绍了作者通过腹腔镜对未成熟家兔进行坏死性小肠结肠模拟实验的方法，该方法基于向肠壁粘膜下注射破坏性溶液。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>necrotizing enterocolitis</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>experimental modeling</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>некротический (некротизирующий) энтероколит</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>экспериментальное моделирование</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>坏死性小肠结肠炎</kwd><kwd>新生儿</kwd><kwd>实验模型</kwd><kwd>实验</kwd><kwd>实验动物</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-25-10004</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazacliu C, Neu J. 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